Oral administration of alkaloid fraction fromRuta graveolensinhibits oxidative stress and inflammation in hypercholesterolemic rabbits

Abstract

Context: The anti-atherogenic effect of alkaloid fraction from Ruta graveolens Linn (Rutaceae) extract is suspected to be related to its activities of antioxidation and antiinflammation.Objective: This study investigated the efficacy of alkaloid fraction isolated from Ruta graveolens (AFR) in reducing oxidative damage and inflammation in hypercholesteremic rabbits. Materials and methods: The New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: Group I rabbits were fed with normal chow diet for 90 d. Group II rabbits were fed with 1% cholesterol-enriched diet. Group III rabbits were fed with 1% cholesterol-enriched diet together with AFR (10 mg/kg/daily for 90 d).Results and discussion: The results showed that on treatment with AFR significantly lowered the level of total cholesterol and LDL-C and showed an increment in the level of HDL-C. LD 50 of the AFR in rats is greater than 525 mg/kg. Activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and GSH level were decreased in cholesterol-fed rabbit and supplementation of AFR significantly enhanced the activities of these antioxidant enzymes and GSH level. Increased activities of enzymes such as cyclooxygenase-2, 15-lipoxygenase and myeloperoxidase were significantly suppressed by AFR administration. The acute phase proteins, total WBC count and TBARS concentrations were significantly increased by hypercholesteromic diet, which were significantly decreased by AFR treatment. Histopathological studies of aorta in cholesterol-fed rabbit showed plaque formation and significant changes in aortic wall. Administration of AFR showed no changes in aortic wall. Conclusion: AFR reduces oxidative stress and inflammation and reduces the aortic pathology in hypercholesteromic rabbits.

GC/MS and HPLC/PDA characterization of essential oils and phenolic compounds from the aerial parts of common rue (Ruta graveolens)

“…As illustrated in Fig. 7, each compound exhibited a unique retention time: 5.5 min for protocatechuic acid (1), 18.7 min for rutin (2), 30.7 min for psoralen (3), 31.9 min for xanthotoxin (4), and 34.5 min for of bergapten (5). A wavelength of 270 nm provided the most efficient response to the quantification of RGL compounds.…”

“…Therefore, RGL and its derivatives could be used as a complementary or alternative medicine in the future. 4), and bergapten (5)…”

“…RGL is known to have various pharmacological effects, including antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. Moreover, previous studies have reported that RGL possesses a wide variety of therapeutic properties, such as anti-microbial, anti-depressant, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-cancer effects [3][4][5]. Additionally, many studies have demonstrated that RGL contains alkaloids, coumarins, and flavonoids, as well as essential oil [6].…”

“…Calibration curves of protocatechuic acid (1), rutin (2), psoralen (3), xanthotoxin (4), and bergapten(5) …”