Oral adenosine-5’-triphosphate (ATP) administration increases blood flow following exercise in animals and humans

Abstract

IntroductionExtracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stimulates vasodilation by binding to endothelial ATP-selective P2Y2 receptors; a phenomenon, which is posited to be accelerated during exercise. Herein, we used a rat model to examine how different dosages of acute oral ATP administration affected the femoral blood flow response prior to, during, and after an exercise bout. In addition, we performed a single dose chronic administration pilot study in resistance trained athletes.MethodsAnimal study: Male Wistar rats were gavage-fed the body surface area, species adjusted human equivalent dose (HED) of either 100 mg (n=4), 400 mg (n=4), 1,000 mg (n=5) or 1,600 mg (n=5) of oral ATP as a disodium salt (Peak ATP®, TSI, Missoula, MT). Rats that were not gavage-fed were used as controls (CTL, n=5). Blood flow was monitored continuously: a) 60 min prior to, b) during and c) 90 min following an electrically-evoked leg-kicking exercise. Human Study: In a pilot study, 12 college-aged resistance-trained subjects were given 400 mg of ATP (Peak ATP®, TSI, Missoula, MT) daily for 12 weeks, and prior to an acute arm exercise bout at weeks 1, 4, 8, and 12. Ultrasonography-determined volumetric blood flow and vessel dilation in the brachial artery was measured at rest, at rest 30 minutes after supplementation, and then at 0, 3, and 6 minutes after the exercise.ResultsAnimal Study: Rats fed 1,000 mg HED demonstrated significantly greater recovery blood flow (p < 0.01) and total blood flow AUC values (p < 0.05) compared to CTL rats. Specifically, blood flow was elevated in rats fed 1,000 mg HED versus CTL rats at 20 to 90 min post exercise when examining 10-min blood flow intervals (p < 0.05). When examining within-group differences relative to baseline values, rats fed the 1,000 mg and 1,600 mg HED exhibited the most robust increases in blood flow during exercise and into the recovery period. Human study: At weeks 1, 8, and 12, ATP supplementation significantly increased blood flow, along with significant elevations in brachial dilation.ConclusionsOral ATP administration can increase post-exercise blood flow, and may be particularly effective during exercise recovery.

Supplementation with a proprietary blend of ancient peat and apple extract may improve body composition without affecting hematology in resistance-trained men

“…ATP and adenosine have been known to induce vasodilation following release from the erythrocytes via production of nitric oxide and prostacyclin (Nyberg et al 2010;Sprague et al 2011), and it has been recently demonstrated that exogenous ATP supplementation is capable of increasing exercise-induced blood flow (Jäger et al 2014). Improved blood flow may increase nutrient delivery.…”

“…However, more thorough research is required before considering this as a viable mechanism because of the fact that previously enhanced intramuscular ATP levels have only been examined in 1 resting subject (Reyes-Izquierdo et al 2014). Yet, the blend of ancient peat and apple extracts may be advantageous to direct ATP supplementation for these reasons, as direct ATP supplementation may only exert extracellular effects because of rapid degradation to its metabolites (Hochachka et al 1991;Gorman et al 2007;Mortensen et al 2011;Jäger et al 2014). The present study was limited by not measuring ATP levels either in whole-blood or muscle tissue.…”

Antihyperlipidemic activity of adenosine triphosphate in rabbits fed a high-fat diet and hyperlipidemic patients

“…ATP and its metabolite adenosine can act through purinergic receptors in endothelial smooth muscle resulting in vasodilation and increased blood flow (Ellis et al 2012). Oral ATP administration has been shown to increased blood flow and improve muscular function (Jäger et al 2014), and are currently registered in France for the treatment of low back pain of muscular origin (Bannwarth et al 2005). In addition, ATP can trigger signalling cascades for metabolic adaptation related to neuromuscular activity (phosphorylation of ERK1/2) (May et al 2006).…”

Biomarkers for major depressive and bipolar disorders using metabolomics: A systematic review

“…Studies have shown that oral administration of ATP in the form of a disodium salt can increase blood flow in animal and human studies, which could be effective in treating depressive symptoms (Jäger et al, 2014). Furthermore, a study using a mouse model of depression showed that low levels of brain ATP was a susceptibility factor for chronic social defeat and that administration of ATP induced a rapidantidepressant-like effect (Cao et al, 2013).…”