Oral acetylcysteine for neuropsychiatric disorders

Racz, Rebecca; Sweet, Burgunda V.; Sohoni, Pamela

doi:10.2146/ajhp140732

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…It is popularly used as an antidote to paracetamol poisoning, as a mucolytic, and as a reno-protective agent before contrast administration (Samuni, Goldstein, Dean, & Berk, 2013). It is a glutamate inhibitor and a well-known anti-oxidant that can synthesize glutathione in the body (Racz, Sweet, & Sohoni, 2015). NAC is also known to have antiinflammatory effects and immunomodulatory properties (Racz et al, 2015;Samuni et al, 2013).…”

Section: N-acetyl Cysteinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a glutamate inhibitor and a well-known anti-oxidant that can synthesize glutathione in the body (Racz, Sweet, & Sohoni, 2015). NAC is also known to have antiinflammatory effects and immunomodulatory properties (Racz et al, 2015;Samuni et al, 2013). NAC has been shown to reduce inflammation in the microglia, reducing oxidative damage (Samuni et al, 2013).…”

Section: N-acetyl Cysteinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder): Clinical characteristics, psychosocial aspects, treatment approaches, and ethical considerations

França

Kumar

Castillo

et al. 2018

Dermatologic Therapy

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Trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder) is a fairly common but underreported disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of pulling hair from different parts of the body. Currently classified in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders (DSM-5) under the heading of the "Obsessive-compulsive spectrum and related disorders." The estimated prevalence data suggest that 0.5-2% of the general population suffers from this disorder. Stress and anxiety are directly correlated to the production of trichotillomania symptoms. The psychosocial aspects of trichotillomania are greatly underestimated, but recent literature suggests an increased interest in this neglected area. Although no FDA approved medications are available for the treatment of trichotillomania, a variety of medications including N-acetylcysteine have shown benefit in case reports. Combined liaison clinics, with an interdisciplinary approach, are highly advisable in the treatment of these cases.

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Section: N-acetyl Cysteinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: N-acetyl Cysteinementioning

confidence: 99%

Trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder): Clinical characteristics, psychosocial aspects, treatment approaches, and ethical considerations

França

Kumar

Castillo

et al. 2018

Dermatologic Therapy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Increasingly, it is being explored as an adjunctive therapy for many psychiatric conditions. [ 1 , 2 ] With early life stress found to be associated with the onset and the severity of many psychiatric conditions in adulthood, N-acetylcysteine is also a potential preventive therapy for young at-risk subjects. [ 3 – 5 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N-Acetylcysteine for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: A Review of Current Evidence

Ooi¹,

Green

Pak

2018

BioMed Research International

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N-acetylcysteine, a sulphur-containing amino acid for the treatment of paracetamol overdose and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a widely available off-the-shelf oral antioxidant supplement in many countries. With the potential to modulate several neurological pathways, including glutamate dysregulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation that can be beneficial to the brain functions, N-acetylcysteine is being explored as an adjunctive therapy for many psychiatric conditions. This narrative review synthesises and presents the current evidence from systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and latest clinical trials on N-acetylcysteine for addiction and substance abuse, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, and mood disorders. Good evidence exists to support the use of N-acetylcysteine as an adjunct treatment to reduce the total and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. N-acetylcysteine also appears to be effective in reducing craving in substance use disorders, especially for the treatment of cocaine and cannabis use among young people, in addition to preventing relapse in already abstinent individuals. Effects of N-acetylcysteine on obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, as well as on mood disorders, remain unclear with mixed reviews, even though promising evidence does exist. Larger and better-designed studies are required to further investigate the clinical effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine in these areas. Oral N-acetylcysteine is safe and well tolerated without any considerable adverse effects. Current evidence supports its use as an adjunctive therapy clinically for psychiatric conditions, administered concomitantly with existing medications, with a recommended dosage between 2000 and 2400 mg/day.

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“…Furthermore, glutathione's precursor N-acetyl-cysteine is a potent antioxidant and has, likewise, been extensively investigated in psychiatric disorders [26][27][28]. Mental health diseases have yet to benefit from the present molecular medicine revolution, which has had an immediate influence on other areas of medicine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Promising Prospect of G Protein and GPCR-Mediated Signaling in Neuropathophysiology and Its Therapeutic Regulation

Rahman

Islam

Mim

et al. 2022

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are intricately involved in the conversion of extracellular feedback to intracellular responses. These specialized receptors possess a crucial role in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Most nonsensory GPCRs are active in almost 90% of complex brain functions. At the time of receptor phosphorylation, a GPCR pathway is essentially activated through a G protein signaling mechanism via a G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK). Dopamine, an important neurotransmitter, is primarily involved in the pathophysiology of several CNS disorders; for instance, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and ADHD. Since dopamine, acetylcholine, and glutamate are potent neuropharmacological targets, dopamine itself has potential therapeutic effects in several CNS disorders. GPCRs essentially regulate brain functions by modulating downstream signaling pathways. GPR6, GPR52, and GPR8 are termed orphan GPCRs because they colocalize with dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in neurons of the basal ganglia, either alone or with both receptors. Among the orphan GPCRs, the GPR52 is recognized for being an effective psychiatric receptor. Various antipsychotics like aripiprazole and quetiapine mainly target GPCRs to exert their actions. One of the most important parts of signal transduction is the regulation of G protein signaling (RGS). These substances inhibit the activation of the G protein that initiates GPCR signaling. Developing a combination of RGS inhibitors with GPCR agonists may prove to have promising therapeutic potential. Indeed, several recent studies have suggested that GPCRs represent potentially valuable therapeutic targets for various psychiatric disorders. Molecular biology and genetically modified animal model studies recommend that these enriched GPCRs may also act as potential therapeutic psychoreceptors. Neurotransmitter and neuropeptide GPCR malfunction in the frontal cortex and limbic-related regions, including the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and brainstem, is likely responsible for the complex clinical picture that includes cognitive, perceptual, emotional, and motor symptoms. G protein and GPCR-mediated signaling play a critical role in developing new treatment options for mental health issues, and this study is aimed at offering a thorough picture of that involvement. For patients who are resistant to current therapies, the development of new drugs that target GPCR signaling cascades remains an interesting possibility. These discoveries might serve as a fresh foundation for the creation of creative methods for pharmacologically useful modulation of GPCR function.

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Oral acetylcysteine for neuropsychiatric disorders

Cited by 5 publications

References 40 publications

Trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder): Clinical characteristics, psychosocial aspects, treatment approaches, and ethical considerations

Trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder): Clinical characteristics, psychosocial aspects, treatment approaches, and ethical considerations

N-Acetylcysteine for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: A Review of Current Evidence

Insights into the Promising Prospect of G Protein and GPCR-Mediated Signaling in Neuropathophysiology and Its Therapeutic Regulation

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