Opuntia monacantha: Validation of the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of its polyphenolic rich extract in silico and in vivo via assessment of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines

Potential Role of Dietary Phenolic Compounds in the Prevention and Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Current Reports

“…Moreover, the addition of 20% dried plums into the normal diet of transgenic mice with induced-RA showed notable protective effects in protecting articular cartilage, reducing synovitis, IL-1β, MCP1, MIP1α, MMP1, and MPP3, and RANKL expression and repressing TNF-induced formation of osteoclasts and mRNA levels of cathepsin K and MMP9 by inhibiting nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) expression, and NF-κB activation [360]. On the other hand, 750 mg/kg Opuntia monacantha showed effectiveness in reducing paw edema, the arthritic score, the rheumatoid factor, inflammation, COX-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1, NF-κB, bone erosion, and pannus formation, restoring hemoglobin, white blood count, and platelet parameters, increasing catalase and superoxide dismutase levels, and enhancing IL-4 and IL-10, namely, by its potential to inhibit glutaminase 1 activity in a RA rat model [361]. In addition, 800 mg/kg Solanum nigrum also showed effectiveness in reducing paw edem, and restoring body weight, hematologic parameters, and radiographic and histopathologic alterations towards normal in different RA rat models [362].…”

“…Additionally, 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 µM syringaldehyde, a small polyphenolic compound extracted from Capparis spinosa L., showed potential to diminish CD86, CD40, MHC II, and IL-23 expression and enhance IL-10 expression and antigen phagocytosis on human acute lymphoblastic leukemia T lymphocytes by inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways [289]. Opuntia monacantha Rats with induced RA 750 mg/kg ↓ Paw edema, the arthritic score, the rheumatoid factor, inflammation, COX-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1, NF-κB, bone erosion, and pannus formation Restore hemoglobin, white blood count, and platelet parameters ↑ Catalase and superoxide dismutase, IL-4 and IL-10 levels Inhibition of glutaminase 1 activity [361] Solanum nigrum Rats with induced RA 800 mg/kg ↓ Paw edema Restore body weight, hematologic parameters, and radiographic and histopathologic alterations [362] Quercetin and quercetin-loaded chitosan Rats with induced RA 15 mg/kg quercetin and 10 and 20 mg/kg quercetin-loaded chitosan ↓ TNF-α and IL-6…”