Optopatcher—An electrode holder for simultaneous intracellular patch-clamp recording and optical manipulation

Katz, Yonatan; Yizhar, Ofer; Staiger, Jochen F.; Lampl, Ilan

doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.01.017

Cited by 54 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These neurons were further classified as prototypic GPe cells using two independent measures. Classification was done either post hoc by immunostaining for FoxP2 (Figure 1 C, left), or during recordings using the “ optopatcher” (Katz et al, 2013; Ketzef et al, 2017) in Channelrhodopsin (ChR2) expressing cells of NKX2.1-ChR2 (17 cells from 15 mice) or PV-ChR2 mice (3 cells in 3 mice) (Figure S1). A smaller fraction of recorded neurons were silent (see example in S3) or fired at lower average frequencies (Figure 1 D and F), had more hyperpolarized membrane potential (Figure 1 D and E), and depolarized during cortical up-states (Figure 1 D).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Synaptic Input to External Globus Pallidus Neuronal SubpopulationsIn Vivo

Silberberg

Ketzef

2020

Preprint

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The rodent external Globus Pallidus (GPe) contains two main neuronal subpopulations, prototypic and arkypallidal cells, which differ in their cellular properties. Their functional synaptic connectivity is, however, largely unknown. Here, we studied the membrane properties and synaptic inputs to these subpopulations in the mouse GPe. We obtained in vivo whole-cell recordings from identified GPe neurons and used optogenetic stimulation to dissect their afferent inputs from the striatum and subthalamic nucleus (STN). All GPe neurons received barrages of excitatory and inhibitory input during slow wave activity. The modulation of their activity was cell-type specific and shaped by their respective membrane properties and afferent inputs. Both GPe subpopulations received synaptic input from STN and striatal projection neurons (MSNs). STN and indirect pathway MSNs strongly targeted prototypic cells while direct pathway MSNs selectively inhibited arkypallidal cells. We show that GPe subtypes are differently embedded in the basal ganglia network, supporting distinct functional roles.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Synaptic Input to External Globus Pallidus Neuronal SubpopulationsIn Vivo

Silberberg

Ketzef

2020

Preprint

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“…Since light intensity steeply decays as it travels through brain tissue (Stark et al, 2012) surface illumination is not suited for stimulation of deep brain regions because it does not allow sufficient light delivery to target cells. To circumvent this issue, focal light sources have been coupled to extracellular recording probes (Lima et al, 2009, Royer et al, 2010, Anikeeva et al, 2012) or to glass pipettes (Stuhmer and Almers, 1982, LeChasseur et al, 2011, Katz et al, 2013), and have been shown effective to stimulate ChR2-expressing cells. Following this strategy, we inserted an optical fiber coupled light source into our recording pipette, which ensured the consistent delivery of sufficient light intensities at the tip of the pipette where cells are contacted (Figure 2A, left ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Channelrhodopsin-Assisted Patching: In Vivo Recording of Genetically and Morphologically Identified Neurons throughout the Brain

Muñoz¹,

Tremblay²,

Rudy³

2014

Cell Reports

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Summary Brain networks contain a large diversity of functionally distinct neuronal elements, each with unique properties, enabling computational capacities and supporting brain functions. Understanding their functional implications for behavior requires the precise identification of the cell types of a network and in vivo monitoring of their activity profiles. Here, we developed a channelrhodopsin-assisted patching method allowing the efficient in vivo targeted recording of neurons identified by their molecular, electrophysiological and morphological features. The method has a high yield, does not require visual guidance, and thus can be applied at any depth in the brain. This approach overcomes limitations of present technologies. We validate this strategy by in vivo recordings of identified subtypes of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in deep cortical layers, subcortical cholinergic neurons and neurons in the thalamic reticular nucleus in anesthetized and awake mice. We propose this method as an important complement to existing technologies to relate specific cell type activity to brain circuitry, function and behavior.

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“…For in vitro electrophysiology, local stimulation with a guided light source (e.g., Tye et al, 2011) or integration of optical fibers into patch pipettes (Katz et al, 2013) can allow for relatively precise targeting of light as the modulated feedback signal, and various structured light approaches have already been applied for optogenetic manipulations in slice and culture (discussed in detail in a later section). For in vivo applications, the optrode (Gradinaru et al, 2007) is the simplest and most widely used device for integrated electrical recording and optical feedback and has seen several design improvements including a coaxial, tapered design (Zhang et al, 2009), a glass-coating optrode application for deep structures in primates, and an integrated µLED optrode designed with closed-loop optogenetic applications in mind (Cao et al, 2013).…”

Section: Electrical/optical Devices Enabling Closed-loop Control In Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(A–C) Single-input, single-output (SISO) systems: optrode (Gradinaru et al, 2007), optopatcher (Katz et al, 2013), and integrated µLED optrode for chronic implantation (Cao et al, 2013). …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Closed-Loop and Activity-Guided Optogenetic Control

Grosenick

Marshel

Deisseroth

2015

Neuron

345

322

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Advances in optical manipulation and observation of neural activity have set the stage for widespread implementation of closed-loop and activity-guided optical control of neural circuit dynamics. Closing the loop optogenetically (i.e., basing optogenetic stimulation on simultaneously observed dynamics in a principled way) is a powerful strategy for causal investigation of neural circuitry. In particular, observing and feeding back the effects of circuit interventions on physiologically relevant timescales is valuable for directly testing whether inferred models of dynamics, connectivity, and causation are accurate in vivo. Here we highlight technical and theoretical foundations as well as recent advances and opportunities in this area, and we review in detail the known caveats and limitations of optogenetic experimentation in the context of addressing these challenges with closed-loop optogenetic control in behaving animals.

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Optopatcher—An electrode holder for simultaneous intracellular patch-clamp recording and optical manipulation

Cited by 54 publications

References 15 publications

Differential Synaptic Input to External Globus Pallidus Neuronal SubpopulationsIn Vivo

Differential Synaptic Input to External Globus Pallidus Neuronal SubpopulationsIn Vivo

Channelrhodopsin-Assisted Patching: In Vivo Recording of Genetically and Morphologically Identified Neurons throughout the Brain

Closed-Loop and Activity-Guided Optogenetic Control

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