Optomechanical transduction and characterization of a silica microsphere pendulum via evanescent light

Madugani, Ramgopal; Yang, Yong; Ward, Jonathan; Le, Vu H.; Chormaic, Síle Nic

doi:10.1063/1.4922637

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…7a-e, the coupling gap is increased and the period of the CRUS becomes larger. The taper introduces a dispersive red shift to the microsphere's resonance [38]. In our experiments, the laser is blue-detuned relative to the resonance and fixed; the larger the distance between the WGR and the taper, the less the dispersion introduced; thus, the cavity mode shifts relative to the laser thereby decreasing the beat frequency.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cavity ring-up spectroscopy for dissipative and dispersive sensing in a whispering gallery mode resonator

et al. 2016

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generation [1,2], laser stabilization [3][4][5] and sensing [6,7]. The high optical quality factor (Q-factor) and relatively small mode volume of whispering gallery resonators (WGRs) render the modes very sensitive to subtle environmental changes. Until now, WGRs have been used to measure changes in a number of parameters such as refractive index [8,9], temperature [10][11][12], pressure [13,14] and stress [15,16]. Aside from parameter change detection, ultrahigh Q resonators have also been used to detect nanoparticles [17,18] and single viruses [19,20]. The mechanism behind ultrahigh sensitivity sensing in WGRs is based on a reactive (i.e. dispersive) frequency shift of the whispering gallery modes [19] as a result of perturbations that may be present. Alternatively, a perturbation may increase the optical linewidth of the WGM by introducing more dissipation [21,22], or may change the back-scattering strength [23] and subsequent mode splitting if modal coupling is present [17,20]. The optomechanical properties of WGRs can also be used for force [24] or viscosity sensing [25].Currently, in order to retrieve the dispersive, dissipative and mode splitting information, the transmission spectrum of a WGR through an externally coupled waveguide, such as a tapered optical fibre, is usually measured. Light from a tunable laser source is coupled into the tapered fibre and the transmission is monitored. Low powers are used in order to minimise thermal and nonlinear effects on the whispering gallery modes. By sweeping the laser frequency, the transmission spectrum through the fibre can be recorded. Any changes to the frequency, mode splitting or linewidth are used to monitor perturbations induced by the physical parameter that is being sensed. During measurements, the transmission spectrum represents a steady state of the coupled system; therefore, time response of the sensor [26][27][28] is related to the lifetime of the resonator which limits the scanning speed. For a WGR with Abstract In whispering gallery mode resonator sensing applications, the conventional way to detect a change in the parameter to be measured is by observing the steady-state transmission spectrum through the coupling waveguide. Alternatively, sensing based on cavity ring-up spectroscopy, i.e. CRUS, can be achieved transiently. In this work, we investigate CRUS using coupled mode equations and find analytical solutions with a large spectral broadening approximation of the input pulse. The relationships between the frequency detuning, coupling gap and ring-up peak height are determined and experimentally verified using an ultrahigh Q-factor silica microsphere. This work shows that distinctive dispersive and dissipative transient sensing can be realised by simply measuring the peak height of the CRUS signal, which may improve the data collection rate.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the supplementary material of Ref. [38], it was shown that the dispersive shift rate increases exponentially when moving to a strongly overcoupled regime. This means that the dispersive influence of the taper will induce a very large frequency shift for the cavity mode and the changes in the Gaussian term in Eq.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavity ring-up spectroscopy for dissipative and dispersive sensing in a whispering gallery mode resonator

et al. 2016

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“…Typical one-port optical systems are a Fabry-Pérot system with one partially reflective mirror and one perfectly reflective mirror [see Fig. 1(c)] [25], all-pass ring resonators [19], and whispering gallery mode resonators coupled to an optical fiber [18]. The temporal dynamic of the intracavity complex field amplitude a(t ) is governed by the input-output relation [1,26]…”

Section: Coupled Equations Of Motionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This scheme was first proposed theoretically in the context of optomechanical cooling as an alternative to dispersive coupling in the so-called unresolved sideband limit [7], and also for its squeezing ability [8][9][10]. This coupling mechanism was implemented experimentally in diverse configurations such as Michelson-Sagnac interferometers [11][12][13][14], whispering gallery mode resonators coupled to a nanomechanical beam waveguide [15][16][17][18], ring resonators coupled to a micromechanical resonator [19], and photonic crystal (PhC) systems [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear analytical approach to dispersive, external dissipative, and intrinsic dissipative couplings in optomechanical systems

et al. 2020

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This paper presents a theoretical study of optomechanical systems in which the mechanical resonator modulates both the resonant frequency (dispersive coupling) and the decay rates (dissipative coupling) of the optical cavity. The generic dispersive framework is extended to a more general case in which the dissipative coupling is split between its external and intrinsic contribution. We report a complete analysis of the influence of both external and intrinsic optical losses on each of the three coupling mechanisms, highlighting the interest of each optical loss regime. A presentation of the basic model to experimentally identify the three couplings and their relative influence on the optical response is proposed. We also extend the basic tools by analyzing the mechanical dynamics and demonstrating the general expression of the optical spring effect and of optomechanical damping. A comparison between our theoretical model and experimental measurements in photonic crystal systems from the literature yields good agreement.

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“…By testing the prototype on a vehicle, we, to the best of our knowledge, achieved the first inertial measurements with a cavity optomechanical system out of the laboratory environment. We also demonstrated, for the first time, that the tapered waveguide can survive shocks of ±60 g, which would be of interest for many WGM [5,7,13,17,18,19,20,21,22] and photonic crystal experiments [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Evaluation of a Portable Whispering Gallery Mode Accelerometer

Barker

2018

Sensors

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An accelerometer utilising the optomechanical coupling between an optical whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonance and the motion of the WGM cavity itself was prototyped and field-tested on a vehicle. We describe the assembly of this portable, battery operated sensor and the field-programmable gate array automation. Pre-trial testing using an electrodynamic shaker demonstrated linear scale-factors with <0.3% standard deviation (±6 g range where g = 9.81 ms−2), and a strong normalised cross-correlation coefficient (NCCC) of rICP/WGM=0.997 when compared with an integrated circuit piezoelectric (ICP) accelerometer. A noise density of 40 μg Hz−1/2 was obtained for frequencies of 2–7 kHz, increasing to 130 μg Hz−1/2 at 200 Hz, and 250 μg Hz−1/2 at 100 Hz. A reduction in the cross-correlation was found during the trial, rICP/WGM = 0.36, which we attribute to thermal fluctuations, mounting differences, and the noisy vehicle environment. The deployment of this hand-fabricated sensor, shown to operate and survive during ±60 g shocks, demonstrates important steps towards the development of a chip-scale device.

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Optomechanical transduction and characterization of a silica microsphere pendulum via evanescent light

Cited by 31 publications

References 23 publications

Cavity ring-up spectroscopy for dissipative and dispersive sensing in a whispering gallery mode resonator

Cavity ring-up spectroscopy for dissipative and dispersive sensing in a whispering gallery mode resonator

Linear analytical approach to dispersive, external dissipative, and intrinsic dissipative couplings in optomechanical systems

Field Evaluation of a Portable Whispering Gallery Mode Accelerometer

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