Optogenetics in neuroscience: what we gain from studies in mammals

Chen, Quanhui; Zeng, Ziling; Hu, Zhian

doi:10.1007/s12264-012-1250-6

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…Simple pulses of light delivered through optical fibers can trigger or inhibit neuronal activity within milliseconds [1]. Since its first implementation in the 2000s the technique has been used to explore neuronal connectivity over large scales in many fields such as cognitive, behavioral and learning neuroscience [2][3][4][5]. It has evolved quickly with a systematic screening of light activated proteins and the mutagenesis of existing opsins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical and thermal simulations for the design of optodes for minimally invasive optogenetics stimulation or photomodulation of deep and large cortical areas in non-human primate brain

et al. 2018

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The use of optogenetics or photobiomodulation in non-human primate (NHP) requires the ability to noninvasively stimulate large and deep cortical brain tissues volumes. In this context, the optical and geometrical parameters of optodes are critical. Methods and general guidelines to optimize these parameters have to be defined. Objective. We propose the design of an optode for safe and efficient optical stimulation of a large volume of NHP cortex, down to 3-5 mm depths without inserting fibers into the cortex. Approach. Monte Carlo simulations of optical and thermal transport have been carried out using the Geant4 application for tomographic emission (GATE) platform. Parameters such as the fiber diameter, numerical aperture, number of fibers and their geometrical arrangement have been studied. Optimal hardware parameters are proposed to obtain homogeneous fluence above the fluence threshold for opsin activation without detrimental thermal effects. Main results. The simulations show that a large fiber diameter and a large numerical aperture are preferable since they allow limiting power concentration and hence the resulting thermal increases at the brain surface. To obtain a volume of 200-500 mm 3 of brain tissues receiving a fluence above the opsin activation threshold for optogenetics or below a phototocixity threshold for photobiomodulation, a 4 fibers configuration is proposed. The optimal distance between the fibers was found to be 4 mm. A practical implementation of the optode has been performed and the corresponding fluence and thermal maps have been simulated. Significance. The Journal of Neural EngineeringOptical and thermal simulations for the design of optodes for minimally invasive optogenetics stimulation or photomodulation of deep and large cortical areas in non-human primate brainOriginal content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. 6 Both authors contributed equally.1741-2552/18/065004+12$33.00 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/aadf97 J. Neural Eng. 15 (2018) 065004 (12pp) A Dubois et al 2 present study defines a method to optimize the design of optode and the choice of stimulation parameters for optogenetics and more generally light delivery to deep and large volumes of tissues in NHP brain with a controlled irradiance dosimetry. The general guidelines are the use of silica fibers with a large numerical aperture and a large diameter. The combination of several fibers is required if large volumes need to be stimulated while avoiding thermal effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical and thermal simulations for the design of optodes for minimally invasive optogenetics stimulation or photomodulation of deep and large cortical areas in non-human primate brain

et al. 2018

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“…The development of optogenetic technology facilitates cell type-and projection-specific manipulation of neural activity with precise temporal control for understanding the complicated mechanisms of reward seeking (Chen et al, 2012;Stuber et al, 2012). Optogenetic control of specific neuronal afferents and efferents in the NAc to manipulate behaviours in free-moving mice have been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optogenetic activation of GABAergic neurons in the nucleus accumbens decreases the activity of the ventral pallidum and the expression of cocaine-context-associated memory

Wang

Tao

et al. 2014

Int. J. Neuropsychopharm.

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GABAergic medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) differentially express D1 and D2 dopamine receptors. Both D2- and D1-MSNs in the NAc form projections into the ventral pallidum, whereas only D1-MSNs directly project into midbrain neurons. They are critical in rewarding and aversive learning, and understanding the function of these NAc efferents and the alteration of their targeted brain regions in responding to a reward-associated context is important. In this study, we activated the GABAergic neurons in the NAc of mice expressing channelrhodopsin-2 under the control of the vesicular GABA transporter promoter by an optogenetic approach, and examined its effects on the expression of cocaine-context-associated memory. In vivo optogenetic activation of the NAc GABAergic neurons inhibited the expression of cocaine-conditioned place preference (CPP). When tested 24 h later, these mice exhibited normal cocaine-induced CPP, indicating that the inhibitory effect on the expression of CPP was transient and reversible. Activation of the NAc GABAergic neurons also attenuated the learning of cocaine-induced reinforcement, as indicated by the results of behavioural sensitization. To explore how the cocaine-context-associated information was processed and integrated, we assessed the activity of NAc MSN-targeted brain nuclei and found that the activation of NAc GABAergic neurons during CPP expression resulted in a decrease of c-Fos+ cells in the ventral palladium. Our data suggested that the NAc GABAergic efferents inhibit the ventral palladium activity and negatively regulate the expression of motivational effects induced by cocaine-context-associated cues.

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“…Famous iatrochemist and early brain researcher Thomas Willis (1621Willis ( -1675 also emphasized somatic causes of diseases and noted that brain function disturbances may lead to psychiatric disorders, such as melancholia (Frank, 1980;Willis and Guidott, 1992). Willis also believed such changes to be potentially revealed by anatomical pathology methods like autopsy (Conry, 1978). Around the same time, Robert Burton (1577-1640) published The Anatomy of Melancholy, describing melancholic condition in detail, overviewing theories of its causes, expressing his own feelings and suggesting a healthy diet, proper sleep, music, work and social communication as effective treatment methods (Burton, 1931).…”

Section: Milestones In Biopsychiatric Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another extremely effective recent research tool in biological psychiatry is optogenetics -a method which enables precise control of the activity of neuronal clus- ters and has become an effective tool in both neural circuits and behavioral studies (Chen, Zeng, and Hu, 2012;Francis, Chaudhury, and Lobo, 2014;Hegemann and Sigrist, 2013;Yizhar, Fenno, Davidson, Mogri, and Deisseroth, 2011;Zeng and Madisen, 2012). Optogenetic methods have now enabled acquisition of insights into a broad range of questions in behavior, physiology and pathology, spanning domains of sensation, cognition, and action (Deisseroth, 2015).…”

Section: Milestones In Biopsychiatric Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing translational biological psychiatry: Learning from history to build the future

Demin

Meshalkina

Lakstygal

et al. 2017

BioComm

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Optogenetics in neuroscience: what we gain from studies in mammals

Cited by 10 publications

References 79 publications

Optical and thermal simulations for the design of optodes for minimally invasive optogenetics stimulation or photomodulation of deep and large cortical areas in non-human primate brain

Optical and thermal simulations for the design of optodes for minimally invasive optogenetics stimulation or photomodulation of deep and large cortical areas in non-human primate brain

Optogenetic activation of GABAergic neurons in the nucleus accumbens decreases the activity of the ventral pallidum and the expression of cocaine-context-associated memory

Developing translational biological psychiatry: Learning from history to build the future

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