Optogenetic termination of atrial tachyarrhythmias by brief pulsed light stimulation

Nakao, Motoki; Watanabe, Masaya; Miquerol, Lucile; Natsui, Hiroyuki; Koizumi, Toru; Kadosaka, Takahide; Koya, Taro; Hagiwara, Hikaru; Kamada, Rui; Temma, Taro; Vries, Antoine A.F. de; Anzai, Toshihisa

doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.03.006

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 48 publications

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“…In the heart, ChR2 has been utilised for optical pacing, where the channel is activated by a high-intensity illumination, generating a current which amplitude is enough to trigger action potentials (APs) and induce atrial and/or ventricular activation [ 1 , 5 , 32 ]. In addition to pacing, this approach has also been employed for termination of arrhythmias in the ventricle and the atria [ 1 , 6 , 11 , 32 , 38 , 47 ], introducing an optical method for cardioversion which is more energy-efficient and less burdensome than traditional lead-based approaches to achieve defibrillation. In addition to pacing and defibrillation, the ChR2 has been implemented to correct short and long QT phenotypes in isolated cardiomyocytes.…”

Section: Optogenetic Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances and current limitations of available technology to optically manipulate and observe cardiac electrophysiology

Marchal,

Biasci,

Yan

et al. 2023

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

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Optogenetics, utilising light-reactive proteins to manipulate tissue activity, are a relatively novel approach in the field of cardiac electrophysiology. We here provide an overview of light-activated transmembrane channels (optogenetic actuators) currently applied in strategies to modulate cardiac activity, as well as newly developed variants yet to be implemented in the heart. In addition, we touch upon genetically encoded indicators (optogenetic sensors) and fluorescent dyes to monitor tissue activity, including cardiac transmembrane potential and ion homeostasis. The combination of the two allows for all-optical approaches to monitor and manipulate the heart without any physical contact. However, spectral congestion poses a major obstacle, arising due to the overlap of excitation/activation and emission spectra of various optogenetic proteins and/or fluorescent dyes, resulting in optical crosstalk. Therefore, optogenetic proteins and fluorescent dyes should be carefully selected to avoid optical crosstalk and consequent disruptions in readouts and/or cellular activity. We here present a novel approach to simultaneously monitor transmembrane potential and cytosolic calcium, while also performing optogenetic manipulation. For this, we used the novel voltage-sensitive dye ElectroFluor 730p and the cytosolic calcium indicator X-Rhod-1 in mouse hearts expressing channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). By exploiting the isosbestic point of ElectroFluor 730p and avoiding the ChR2 activation spectrum, we here introduce a novel optical imaging and manipulation approach with minimal crosstalk. Future developments in both optogenetic proteins and fluorescent dyes will allow for additional and more optimised strategies, promising a bright future for all-optical approaches in the field of cardiac electrophysiology.

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