Optoelectrical, electronic, and thermodynamic DFT study of a carbon nanoring and its derivative: application as active layer material in organic solar cell performance improvement and nonlinear optics

Application of Nonlinear Differential Equation in Electronic Commerce

“…The market environment is changeable, controlling such a market environment, relying solely on traditional thinking mode and adopting a single marketing strategy is not only difficult to achieve the marketing purpose, but will have a negative impact on the image of the enterprise and the sales of chrome body [13][14]. Use open thinking to think and understand the changing environment of online marketing from multiple perspectives, and then deeply study the market situation, accurately grasp the market dynamics, so as to maximize the benefits and effects of online marketing.…”

Toward High‐Efficiency CIGS‐based Thin‐film Solar Cells Incorporating Surface Defects Layer, through a Comparative Study of Electrical Characteristics—SCAPS 1D Modeling

“…The past two decades have been marked by an intensification of research in the field of photovoltaic technologies. The current approach aims to provide lasting and concrete solutions to the problems of substitution of active, [1][2][3] window and buffer layers; [4] increasing the conversion yields; [5] determining the factors of stability over time; [6] promoting the use of more abundant materials; and reducing material quantities [7] and production costs. [8,9] It is with the aim of meeting these various challenges that numerous works have been undertaken, notably those of Tchangnwa et al [10,11] on CIGS solar cells, who investigated on the degradation of performance of CdS/CIGSe-based solar cells, highlighted the beneficial effects of alternative buffer layers which enables them to achieve yields above 22% with nanoscale thicknesses for the different layers.…”