Opto-electronic immunosensors: A review of optical immunoassay at continuous surfaces

A Status Report on Electroanalytical Techniques for Immunological Detection

“…Also the immunosensor system should be small, and capable of convenient signal processing and should be suitable for integration into other devices that allow remedial actions to be taken after sensor measurements. Direct and indirect immunosensors based on the principles of enzyme and fluorescence immunoassays have been widely reported (17,32). The following section discusses electrochemical immunosensors and the principles employed.…”

Sensors in Biomolecular Interaction Analysis and Pharmaceutical Drug Screening

“…The transfer of bioaf®nity concepts and techniques in the ®eld of biosensors initially adapted the methods developed in the ®eld of diagnostic use of bioaf®nity systems. Therefore research was directed primarily towards the design of tools and probes for a simpli®ed, faster, or easier and more convenient readout or quanti®cation of bioaf®nity interactions (for surveys see Scheller [9] or Sutherland [45]). A lot of research has been carried out to link labeled immunoassays to more or less sophisticated transducers.…”

A Predictive Approach Using Fractal Analysis for Analyte–Receptor Binding and Dissociation Kinetics for Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor Applications

“…External diffusional limitations play a role in the analysis of immunodiagnostic assays (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). The influence of diffusion in such systems has been analyzed to some extent (14,(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26). The influence of partial (27) and total (28-30) mass transport limitations on analyte-receptor binding kinetics for biosensor applications is available.…”