Optische Kohärenztomographie-Angiographie als zukünftiges Diagnostikum in der Sportmedizin?

Alten, Florian; Nelis, Pieter; Schmitz, Boris; Brand, Stefan-Martin; Eter, Nicole

doi:10.1007/s00347-019-0897-z

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In subjects undergoing high intensity interval training (HIIT) for 4 weeks, an inverse correlation between individual fitness and FAZ area was described, whereas no further correlations between other OCTA parameters and individual physical parameters were found. In response to HIIT during the study, the mean FAZ area in the deep retinal plexus and macular flow density of the superficial layer significantly decreased while flow density in the peripapillary area showed an increase [ 49 ]. In contrast to this, in type 1 diabetic patients following a 4-week HIIT exercise none of the analyzed microvascular parameters changed in response to the intervention [ 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The assessment of acute chorioretinal changes due to intensive physical exercise in young adults

et al. 2022

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Purpose There is abundant evidence on the benefits of physical activity on cardiovascular health. However, there are only few data on the acute effects of physical exercise on the retina and choroid. Our aim was the in vivo examination of chorioretinal alterations following short intense physical activity by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods Twenty-one eyes of 21 healthy, young subjects (mean age 22.5 ± 4.1 years, 15 males and 6 females) were recruited. Macular scanning with a SD-OCT was performed before and following a vita maxima-type physical strain exercise on a rowing ergometer until complete fatigue. Follow-up OCT scans were performed 1, 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes following the exercise. The OCT images were exported and analyzed using our custom-built OCTRIMA 3D software and the thickness of 7 retinal layers was calculated, along with semi-automated measurement of the choroidal thickness. One-way ANOVA analysis was performed followed by Dunnett post hoc test for the thickness change compared to baseline and the correlation between performance and thickness change has also been calculated. The level of significance was set at 0.001. Results We observed a significant thinning of the total retina 1 minute post-exercise (-7.3 ± 0.6 μm, p < 0.001) which was followed by a significant thickening by 5 and 15 minutes (+3.6 ± 0.6 μm and +4.0 ± 0.6 μm, respectively, both p <0.001). Post-exercise retinal thickness returned to baseline by 30 minutes. This trend was present throughout the most layers of the retina, with significant changes in the ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer complex, (-1.3 ± 0.1 μm, +0.6 ± 0.1 μm and +0.7 ± 0.1 μm, respectively, p <0.001 for all), in the inner nuclear layer at 1 and 5 minutes (-0.8 ± 0.1 μm and +0.8 ± 0.1 μm, respectively, p <0.001 for both), in the outer nuclear layer–photoreceptor inner segment complex at 5 minute (+2.3 ± 0.4 μm, p <0.001 for all) and in the interdigitation zone–retinal pigment epithelium complex at 1 and 15 minutes (-3.3 ± 0.4 μm and +1.8 ± 0.4 μm, respectively, p <0.001 for both). There was no significant change in choroidal thickness; however, we could detect a tendency towards thinning at 1, 15, and 30 minutes following exercise. The observed changes in thickness change did not correlate with performance. Similar trends were observed in both professional and amateur sportsmen (n = 15 and n = 6, respectively). The absolute changes in choroidal thickness did not show any correlation with the thickness changes of the intraretinal layers. Conclusions Our study implies that in young adults, intense physical exercise has an acute effect on the granular layers of the retina, resulting in thinning followed by rebound thickening before normalization. We could not identify any clear correlation with either choroidal changes or performance that might explain our observations, and hence the exact mechanism warrants further clarification. We believe that a combination of vascular and mechanic changes is behind the observed trends.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The assessment of acute chorioretinal changes due to intensive physical exercise in young adults

et al. 2022

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“…In relation to life habits, no association was observed between FAZ areas in superficial and deep plexus with smoking and physical activity, probably due to the sample size, since there are reports in the literature of enlargement of FAZ areas in smokers [29] and smaller FAZ areas in practitioners of physical activity [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Obese Foveal Avascular Zone Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of the Retina: Is There a Relation to Comorbities?

Asfora¹,

Nehemy²,

Gadelha³

et al. 2021

OJOph

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Purpose: To investigate the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in obese by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and to evaluate the findings of structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) and their relations with comorbidities. Methods: It was included 35 obese (study group) and 30 normal individuals (control group). Patients with retinal diseases and retinal treatments were excluded. The images were obtained using the Topcon ® . Results: The mean areas of FAZ in superficial plexus (FAZ-SP) and deep plexus (FAZ-DP) were significantly greater in the study group: FAZ-SP was 405.0 ± 136.4 µm 2 in the obese group and 307.3 ± 78.6 µm 2 in the control group and in the left eye (LE) 477.1 ± 124.4 µm 2 in the obese group and 384.0 ± 88.7 µm 2 in the control group. This difference was statistically significant (RE: p = 0.0014 and LE: p = 0.0012). The mean area of the FAZ-DP was 491.0 ± 124.4 µm 2 (Right eye-RE) in the obese group and 384.4 ± 88.7 µm 2 in the control group and in the left eye (LE) was 497.9 ± 124.1 µm 2 in the obese group and 484.9 ± 92.7 µm 2 in the control group. There were no correlations regarding FAZ-SP and FAZ-DP in both eyes with fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol and fractions and triglycerides. A significant association between enlargement of FAZ-DP and type 2 diabetes mellitus (p = 0.0160) was observed. Conclusion: The FAZ areas in superficial and deep plexus achieved significantly greater values in the study group. There was a significant association between a larger deep FAZ area and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is necessary an evaluation with a larger sample size to corroborate the findings.

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“…Our review shows that despite the relatively little information available, physical exercise may indeed have a positive effect on the retina and visual function. The assessment of retinal structure could serve as a marker in sports medicine [12], whereas physical activity could exert a positive protective effect against diseases such as diabetic retinopathy or age-related macular degeneration. According to our theory, similar to the term "trained heart" used in cardiology and sports medicine, the term "trained eye" could also be coined.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent paper by Alten et al underlines that the size of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) on OCT angiography may correlate to individual fitness and could perhaps be used as a potential diagnostic tool in sports medicine [12]. A study employing high-intensity interval training over a period of 4 weeks showed that the size of the deep capillary layer and the flow density of the superficial layer of the FAZ decreases due to physical exercise; interestingly, the peripapillary flow density increased during the same period [13].…”

Section: Physiological Changes Of the Fundus Circulation Due To Physimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Physical Exercise on the Retina and Choroid

Szalai

Pálya

Csorba

et al. 2020

Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd

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There is only limited information available on the effects of physical exercise on the posterior pole. Retinal circulation is autoregulated similarly to the brain vasculature in order to provide constant flow and thus constant nutrition of the inner retinal structures while the choroid is mostly controlled by the sympathetic nervous system. The available data show that physical exercise may indeed have a positive effect on the retina and visual function. The assessment of retinal structure could serve as a marker in sports medicine, whereas physical activity could exert a positive protective effect against diseases such as diabetic retinopathy or age-related macular degeneration. According to our theory, similar to the term “trained heart” used in cardiology and sports medicine, the term “trained eye” could also be coined. This latter term would help to further emphasize the beneficial effects of physical exercise that works protectively not only for the cardiovascular but for the visual system as well, and thus could further help in the fight against avoidable blindness worldwide.

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Optische Kohärenztomographie-Angiographie als zukünftiges Diagnostikum in der Sportmedizin?

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

The assessment of acute chorioretinal changes due to intensive physical exercise in young adults

The assessment of acute chorioretinal changes due to intensive physical exercise in young adults

Obese Foveal Avascular Zone Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of the Retina: Is There a Relation to Comorbities?

The Effect of Physical Exercise on the Retina and Choroid

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