Options of biological substances application in rectal fistulas treatment (Review of the literature)

Abstract

Aim of review. To present literature data of the treatment of incomplete rectal fistulas with application of biological substances. Summary. Treatment of rectal fistulas remains burning issue in coloproctology due to unsatisfactory results of surgery resulting in high relapse rate, usually regardless of applied surgical method and high risk of severe complications as anal sphincter incompetence. This is why development of sparing methods of rectal fistula treatment that will allow to decrease intraoperative trauma of the anal sphincter at minimal risk of disease recurrence and, therefore, to prevent development of sphincter incompetence is important. Application of biological materials in rectal fistulas treatment result in reduction of the wound size, accelerates reparative processes and decreases degree of traumatization. Minimization of surgical impact on the anal sphincter allows repetitive application of biological materials up to the achievement of positive effect. Conclusion. Application of biological materials at sphincter-preserving technique provides decreased risk of development of postoperative anal sphincter incompetence.