Options and processes for spent catalyst handling and utilization

Marafi, Meena; Stanislaus, A.

doi:10.1016/s0304-3894(03)00145-6

Cited by 141 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…[4][5][6] The lifetime of the catalysts tends to decrease due to the more severe operations required. 3,4,7 Catalyst deactivation is basically due to coke and metals deposition over its surface. This phenomenon is characterized by a considerable loss of surface area and especially by a dramatic decrease of the catalytic activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Spent HDT catalysts have been classified as dangerous wastes by the "United States Environmental Protection Agency" (USEPA). [1][2][3][4][5] They may release toxic gases, are subject to spontaneous ignition and present heavy metals and carcinogenic compounds. Even after calcination at high temperature metals such as nickel, vanadium, cobalt and molybdenum may be leached with water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The importance of pre-treatment of spent hydrotreating catalysts on metals recovery

et al. 2011

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Recebido em 25/1/10; aceito em 2/6/10; publicado na web em 17/9/10 This work describes a three-step pre-treatment route for processing spent commercial NiMo/Al 2 O 3 catalysts. Extraction of soluble coke with n-hexane and/or leaching of foulant elements with oxalic acid were performed before burning insoluble coke under air. Oxidized catalysts were leached with 9 mol L -1 sulfuric acid. Iron was the only foulant element partially leached by oxalic acid. The amount of insoluble matter in sulfuric acid was drastically reduced when iron and/or soluble coke were previously removed. Losses of active phase metals (Ni, Mo) during leaching with oxalic acid were compensated by the increase of their recovery in the sulfuric acid leachate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of pre-treatment of spent hydrotreating catalysts on metals recovery

et al. 2011

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“…All the spent catalysts were mixed in a proportion, which was used for metal recovery [10,11]. The catalysts were in the form of cylindrical extrudates of approximate diameter of about 0.4 mm and length 5-6 mm, which were deoiled, decoked, crushed, and ground to fine powder (size <500 μm) using standard equipment and procedures [10,12]. The powdered deoiled spent catalyst was then decoked by combustion of coke under controlled temperature conditions in the range of 300 to 600°C for 8 h in an oxygen atmosphere (i.e., 5% O2 in N2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refinery waste: the spent hydroprocessing catalyst and its recycling options

Marafi¹,

Rana²

2016

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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An industrial waste spent residue hydroprocessing catalyst, contains high levels of metals and carbon, which decreases catalytic activity and forces the refiner to replace the catalyst. The catalyst was unloaded from a KNPC refinery atmospheric residue desulfurization unit. Recycling of spent catalyst waste is at the leading edge of environmentally sound technology and sets the standards for handling the solid waste in the refinery as it is considered hazardous. Hence a concept for a recycling approach to minimize industrial spent catalyst waste has been applied for the recovery of metals (Ni, V, Mo) as a first step while supporting [Al(OH)3] in a subsequent process. The recycling of a spent catalyst involves various steps such as de-oiling, drying, grinding, sieving, and decoking. In the subsequent steps, the de-coked spent catalysts were treated with acid-base reaction media to separate the various components of the spent catalyst. The metal recovery as a function of leaching agents has been investigated by using hydrometallurgical processes. A brief account has also been reported for conventional processes and recent approaches employed by using pyro-metallurgical and hydrometallurgical routes. Considering various routes of metal extractions, the EDTA containing chelation process has shown its potential in high value metal extraction of up to 99% recovery. The recovered metals and support have enabled industrial application for use as alternative raw materials for catalyst preparation.

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“…As a result of the stringent environmental criteria on spent catalyst handling and disposal, research on the process for recycling and reutilization of spent FCC catalysts has received considerable attention. Bioleaching of heavy metals [2][3][4][5] and chemical leaching methods with mineral acids (sulphuric and nitric acid) 6,7 and organic acids (citric, oxalic and gluconic acid) 2,3,[8][9][10] as well as mixture of organic acids were used to explore the route to reclaim the metals in the spent FCC catalyst. Utilization of spent catalyst as raw materials in the production of other valuable products is an attractive option, with taking the environmental regulations and economical profits into consideration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reuse of Spent FCC Catalyst for Removing Trace Olefins from Aromatics

Pu¹,

Luan²,

Shi³

2012

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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Pretreatment of spent FCC catalyst and its application in remove trace olefins in aromatics were investigated in this research. The most effective pretreatment route of spent FCC catalyst was calcining at 700 o C for 1 h, washing with 5% oxalic acid solution in ultrasonic reactor and dried. Treated spent FCC catalyst was modified with metal halides, then to prepare catalyst to remove trace olefins in aromatics. X-ray diffraction, Pyridine-FTIR, N2 adsorption-desorption and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) were used to investigate the pretreatment process. The result showed that the performance of the treated spent FCC catalyst was much greater than that of the spent FCC catalyst, which indicted the possibility and improvement of this research.

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Options and processes for spent catalyst handling and utilization

Cited by 141 publications

References 10 publications

The importance of pre-treatment of spent hydrotreating catalysts on metals recovery

The importance of pre-treatment of spent hydrotreating catalysts on metals recovery

Refinery waste: the spent hydroprocessing catalyst and its recycling options

Reuse of Spent FCC Catalyst for Removing Trace Olefins from Aromatics

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