“…In our empirical analysis, we construct a library of predictor variables for option returns over the sample period of 1996 to 2020. Our characteristics come from previous studies such as An, Ang, Bali, and Cakici (2014), Boyer and Vorkink (2014), Bali and Murray (2013), Cao and Han (2013), Christoffersen, Goyenko, Jacobs, and Karoui (2018), Goyal and Saretto (2009), Hu and Jacobs (2020), Vasquez (2017), and Zhan, Han, Cao, and Tong (2022), and can be classified into four categories: (i) Contract characteristics such as maturity, open interest, option Greeks, etc. ; (ii) Descriptors of risk-neutral return distribution such as model free implied volatility, skewness, and kurtosis at the stock level; (iii) Measures of physical return distribution such as volatility, skewness, kurtosis, and autocorrelation at the stock level; and (iv) Firm level characteristics such as size, price, book-to-market.…”