Optimum Wideband High Gain Analog Beamforming Network for 5G Applications

Mujammami, Essa H.; Afifi, Islam; Sebak, A.

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2912119

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…RF energy focusing AQ8 structures linking Luneburg, spherical, semispherical, gradient dielectric, constant dielectric and Rotman lenses are gaining a lot of attention as fixed beamformers, especially in mmWave spectrum. Primarily due to their focusing capability and ease in manufacturing, they are sometimes preferred over phased-array-based beamformers [39,[81][82][83]. A simple 3D-printed Luneburg lens [82] has been shown to have a gain value of 21.2 dB i.…”

Section: Mmwave Radio Signals Have Propagation Characteristics Such Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rotman and Fourier lenses typically have a very wide bandwidth; however, low coupling between multiple beams can be achieved at narrow bands [88]. A Rotman lens beamformer in [81] has a bandwidth from 26 to 40 GHz. The beam-scanning range in this beamformer is AE39.5 so it is usable in fixed beamforming scenarios.…”

Section: Mmwave Radio Signals Have Propagation Characteristics Such Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beamformer development challenges for 5G and beyond

Abbasi

Fusco

2020

Antennas and Propagation for 5G and Beyond

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Antenna's beamforming technology [1] is vital in the utilization of the microwave and millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency bands for the fifth-generation (5G) communication technology, and beyond, applications that include the sixth generation (6G), Internet of Things and Industry 4.0 [2,3]. Antenna beamforming can be defined as the ability of an antenna array to steer the maximum radiation toward a prescribed direction, or, conversely, the ability of the antenna array to estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) of an impinging signal. Beamforming is generally achieved by using multiple antennas, spatially colocated to either function as an independent radiator or as a unit cell in larger array arrangements. Recently, the term multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) has been used in conjugation with the beamforming technology since it also involves multiple antenna systems, thus linking it to the beamforming technology [4]. When the number of antennas used in the MIMO operation becomes very large, it is generally termed massive MIMO technology [5]. Different beamforming concepts are used for the two frequency spectrum classifications in cellular technology, i.e., sub-6 GHz and mmWave. The majority of beamformer challenges at sub-6 GHz are already resolved, and prototypes are now available [6]; however, there are still major fundamental challenges that engineers face while developing beamformers for use in the mmWave bands, i.e., >28 GHz. Challenges include, but are not limited to, high path loss, power generation, adaption to account for realistic channel estimation, hardware impairments, energy leakage in circuits, high development cost, spatial-temporal channel variations, signal blockages due to the presence of obstacles such as beamformer casing, user body and hand. Also, multiuser MIMO techniques are not easily implementable in mmWave frequencies. In addition to this, beam coordination at transmitter and receiver antenna systems especially in mmWave spectrum is very challenging. In this chapter, we will first classify the beamformers based on the system architecture, operational frequency

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Section: Mmwave Radio Signals Have Propagation Characteristics Such Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mmwave Radio Signals Have Propagation Characteristics Such Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Beamformer development challenges for 5G and beyond

Abbasi

Fusco

2020

Antennas and Propagation for 5G and Beyond

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“…Being a true-time delay device, it also offers a wide band characteristic as it is frequency independent. The design is widely appreciated in mmW band applications due to minimal surface and conduction losses [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mmW Rotman Lens-Based Sensing: An Investigation Study

Sethi

Ibrahim

Issa

et al. 2021

Sensors

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A Rotman lens is a wideband true-time delay device. Due to its simplistic structure with wave/signal routing capabilities, it has been widely utilized as a beamforming device in numerous communication systems. Since the basic Rotman lens design incorporates multiple input, output, and dummy ports, in this study, and for the first time, we utilized a Rotman lens as a sensor. The main idea was to gather abundant information from available Rotman lens ports to obtain better sensing performance. The realized lens is optimized to work in the millimeter wave (mmW) band from 27 to 29 GHz with a focus on a central frequency of 28 GHz. The design has a footprint of 140 × 103 × 0.8 mm3. The polarity correlator was used to characterize the material under investigation.

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“…e Rotman lens is a planar structure, which can be easily implemented with microstrip technology, and it is used to feed an antenna array to obtain a multibeam behaviour; since it does not require lumped elements or other RF devices, it is simple, cheap, and mechanically robust. Despite the simplicity of the design equations, they are not able to take into account all the realworld effects, such as the material or fabrication tolerances, which can actively reduce the performance of the Rotman lens and require an expensive experimental calibration tuning [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. e proposed method in this paper is based on the use of the interval analysis (IA) and the interval arithmetic for the design of the Rotman lens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Analysis of Antenna Feeding Networks Based on the Rotman Lens Using Interval Analysis (IA)

Donelli

Manekiya

2020

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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A new method for the design of antenna array feeding networks has been proposed in this work. In particular, the considered feeding networks are based on the Rotman lens. By knowing the maximum errors on the fabrication tolerances, the arithmetic of intervals and interval analysis (IA) are used for determining the lower and upper bounds of the antenna feeding network parameters of interest. Representative and preliminary numerical results are reported to show the potentialities of the proposed method. An experimental X-band Rotman lens prototype has been designed, fabricated, and assessed. The obtained results are quite good.

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Optimum Wideband High Gain Analog Beamforming Network for 5G Applications

Cited by 24 publications

References 31 publications

Beamformer development challenges for 5G and beyond

Beamformer development challenges for 5G and beyond

mmW Rotman Lens-Based Sensing: An Investigation Study

Design and Analysis of Antenna Feeding Networks Based on the Rotman Lens Using Interval Analysis (IA)

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