Optimum Underbalance for the Removal of Perforation Damage

Walton, I. C.

doi:10.2523/63108-ms

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Thus, one of the preferred option to overcome perforation damage is trough underbalance perforation. 2,3,[8][9][10] The approach has been widely proven to improve productivity of well. 11,12 Studies have shown that surge flow due to differential transient pressure is responsible for the damage removal.…”

Section: Fig 1 ─ Rock Impairment As the Results Of Jet Perforating; (mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flow Properties of Super Light Weight Completion Fluid for Perforation Cleanup During Underbalance Condition

2010

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In cased holes wells, perforation tunnels are the only passage for fluid flow from reservoir to the wellbore. By establishing a clean connection during perforation job, optimum well productivity could be achieved. However, perforation-induced formation damage is always observed along and around the perforation tunnel as the result of perforation. One of the best alternatives to avoid this damage is with the application of underbalanced perforation. During the last decades, such techniques have been developed to achieve underbalance condition prior to gun detonation. As an alternative to these techniques, novel completion fluid referred as super light weight completion fluid is formulated. The use of super light completion fluid shows that underbalance condition could be achieved easily without additional works, major cost, and special surface equipment. In other words, no new procedures and equipment are needed to handle the super light weight completion fluids. Field test based on the basic laboratory formulation showed that the application of the super light weight completion fluid in underbalanced perforation has markedly increased the hydrocarbon production. This paper presents the investigation of flow properties and its effect to the temperature of super light weight completion fluid. The experimental data were fitted to six different rheological models, namely Newtonian, Bingham, Casson, Ostwald-De-Weale, Herschel-Bulkley, and Mizhari-Berk. The results indicated that fluid rheological data is best represented by Mizhari-Berk model. On the other hand, the dependency of the fluid on temperature could be described by Arrhenius model since the calculated R-square was relatively high. The calculated activation energy value of the super light weight completion fluid is 3.5533 kcal·mol -1 ; indicating that the temperature is not significantly affecting the fluid properties.

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Section: Fig 1 ─ Rock Impairment As the Results Of Jet Perforating; (mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is reported that about 20% of rock permeability is reduced after gun detonation. 3 Fig. 1, illustrates rock impairment as the result of jet perforating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Properties of Super Light Weight Completion Fluid for Perforation Cleanup During Underbalance Condition

2010

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“…A few examples of field tests and laboratory experiments were reported by Walton (2000), Walton et al (2001), Potapieff et al (2001), Behrmann et al (2002), Bakker et al (2003), Stutz and Behrmann (2004), Martin et al (2005), Minto et al (2005), Baxter et al (2007Baxter et al ( , 2009, Heiland et al (2009), Filho et al (2010, Busaidy et al (2011), Harvey et al (2010Harvey et al ( , 2012c, and Grove et al (2011aGrove et al ( , 2011bGrove et al ( , 2011cGrove et al ( , 2013. Grove et al (2011aGrove et al ( , 2011b and Harvey et al (2012bHarvey et al ( , 2012c presented the fundamental aspects of tunnel-length cleanup with DUB.…”

Section: Perforating Damage Cleanup To Increase Well Productivity/injmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perforating on Wireline: Maximizing Productivity and Minimizing Gunshock

et al. 2015

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We present perforating on wireline with dynamic underbalance (DUB) to simultaneously maximize productivity and minimize gunshock. We focus on perforating on wireline with DUB because, when compared with other approaches, perforating with DUB is probably the best method to deliver lower tunnel plugging and lower formation rock damage, with lower risk of tool damage due to gunshock or guns blown uphole. Specifically, we present two important aspects of perforating on wireline using DUB: prediction of wellbore dynamics to assess perforation tunnel and formation cleanup and gunshock prediction to assess the risk of tool damage. We present the latest models used to evaluate perforating jobs for well productivity and for operational risks.It is well known that the DUB produced when perforating with the right gun system can remove formation rock damage and tunnel plugging produced by shape charges. What is not so well known is how much DUB (amplitude and duration) is necessary, and how to predict how much DUB will be generated by a gun system. To achieve formation tunnel cleanup, we need a DUB of large amplitude but short duration to remove perforating rock damage and plugging while minimizing gunshock loads. In the pre-job design, we simulate/predict the transient fluid pressure waves in the wellbore and formation rock to predict formation rock damage cleanup and also the associated gunshock loads. DUB amplitude and duration depend on job parameters that can be adjusted, such as type and size of guns, loading of standard perforating charges and DUB charges, and placement of packers, if present. Important physics included in the model are: gun filling, wellbore pressure waves, transient reservoir fluid flow, and the dynamics of all relevant solid components (cable, shock absorbers, tools, and guns).The reliability of the DUB prediction model is demonstrated by comparing downhole fast-gauge pressure data with the corresponding simulated values. When the reservoir properties are well known, the predicted DUB amplitude and duration are very close to the field data values, typically within 15% or less. The reliability of the gunshock loads is demonstrated with residual shock absorber deformation and cable tension logs. We also demonstrate how gunshock simulations have been useful to explain equipment failures due to gunshock loads.Reliable predictions of wellbore dynamics, transient reservoir flow, and gunshock loads enable operators to select perforating equipment capable of removing perforating formation damage and reduce the risk of unexpected release of tools and guns due to dynamic loads, thereby minimizing the probability of nonproductive time and fishing operations.

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“…This often creates a low permeability zone along the perforation tunnels, which leads to reduction of flow potential and well productivity (Bartusiak et al, 1997;Karacan and Halleck, 2003). This rock property impairment is referred to as "perforation-induced formation damage" (Walton, 2000). One of the effective means to minimize this damage is through the application of underbalanced perforation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%