Optimum Soil Water Content for Chickpea Emergence in Heavy‐Textured Soils of North‐West Bangladesh

Vance, W.; Bell, R.W.; Johansen, C.

doi:10.1111/jac.12121

Cited by 4 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Optimal moisture conditions are necessary for seed germination [21], and deviations from optimal moisture levels can inhibit seed germination [49]. In our study, we observed that soil water content (SWC) increased with C. dendroides coverage, which was accompanied by an increase in the seed germination rate.…”

Section: Dendroides Influences P Koraiensis Germination Ability By Mo...mentioning

confidence: 59%

Is Soil Covered with Climacium dendroides More Conducive to the Germination of Pinus koraiensis Seeds?

Duan

Chen

et al. 2023

Forests

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Our previous investigation has indicated that the natural regeneration of Pinus koraiensis occurs solely in soil covered by Climacium dendroides. This study aimed to determine whether C. dendroides-covered soil enhances seed germination or reduces seed decay. The experiment was divided into two parts: a simulated natural regeneration field experiment, and a greenhouse-based potted trial. For the field experiment, soils were categorized into three treatments based on C. dendroides coverage: high coverage (HCD), low coverage (LCD), and no coverage (NCD). Four forest microsites were considered: a gap in the mixed coniferous forest (GCF), a closed stand in the mixed coniferous forest (SCF), a gap in the mixed broadleaf–coniferous forest (GBC), and a closed stand in the mixed broadleaf–coniferous forest (SBC). The greenhouse experiment consisted of four treatments: HCD and LCD with similar C. dendroides coverage as the field experiment, litter-covered soil (LC), and bare soil (CK). P. koraiensis seeds were sown in each treatment’s soil in both the field and greenhouse experiments and collected after one year to analyze their germination rates, decay rates, and antioxidant capacity based on each treatment. Correlations of the germination rate, decay rate, and antioxidant capacity of P. koraiensis seeds with the soil water content (SWC) and secondary metabolites of C. dendroides in soil were examined. The results revealed that, compared to soil without C. dendroides, HCD exhibited higher germination rates (increased by 15.2% and 32.5% for dormant field seeds and dormancy-broken greenhouse seeds, respectively), ABTS+ free radical scavenging activity (RSAABTS) (22.84% and 5.98% increases, respectively), catalase activity (CAT) (5.49 U·min−1·g−1 and 1.71 U·min−1·g−1 increases, respectively), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (0.33 U·g−1 and 0.68 U·g−1 increases, respectively). In the field experiment, seeds in HCD exhibited higher DPPH free radical scavenging activity (RSADPPH) (26.24% increase) and peroxidase (POD) activity (4.0 U·min−1·g−1 increase) compared to seeds in NCD. Greenhouse seeds in HCD showed a lower rot rate (27.6% decrease) than seeds in CK. In both the field and greenhouse experiments, SWC, soil p-hydroxybenzoic acid content (PHBA), soil p-coumaric acid content (PCMA), and soil vanillic acid content (VA) were significantly positively correlated with the germination rate and antioxidant capacity of P. koraiensis. Soil total phenolic content (TPH) and total flavonoid content (TFL) had minimal impacts on P. koraiensis seed germination. The primary findings suggest that C. dendroides may alleviate drought stress and enhance seed antioxidant and germination capabilities by increasing SWC, PHBA, PCMA, and VA.

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Section: Dendroides Influences P Koraiensis Germination Ability By Mo...mentioning

confidence: 59%

Is Soil Covered with Climacium dendroides More Conducive to the Germination of Pinus koraiensis Seeds?

Duan

Chen

et al. 2023

Forests

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“…In the HBT, sowing of rabi season crops such as chickpea immediately after harvesting rice occurs at relatively high profile SWC but the high temperatures which prevail at the time promote drying of the soil exposed in the furrow. Across the two years of data, the SWC at sowing was between 24.9% and 29.4% and soil strength was below 0.6 MPa (2009), which was within the range for successful germination and emergence of chickpea seeds in pot experiments (Vance, 2013; Vance et al., 2015). At sowing, SWC and soil strength were not limiting factors to emergence of chickpea in these experiments but, although not measured in this study, the shape of the furrow and the structure of the soil in the seedbed, viz surface smearing, aggregate size and seed–soil contact may have hindered the rate and success of chickpea emergence (Baker, 2007a, 2007b; Braunack, 1995; Ellis et al., 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The surface drying of the fallow in 2009 (Figure 5) indicates that during 28 days after rice harvest until 20 December, just after the recommended cut‐off date for sowing chickpea, the decline in soil water to 17.7% (52% of θv at field capacity) in the surface would have dried the seedbed to below optimum for chickpea germination and emergence (Vance et al., 2015). In such cases, retention of crop residue at harvesting or return of straw to the field after threshing may be a feasible option to conserve surface soil water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crop establishment with reduced tillage is increasingly used across the Indo‐Gangetic Plains (IGP) of South Asia in the winter (rabi), post‐rice crop after the monsoon (kharif) season rice crop has been harvested. Rice ( Oryza sativa L.)‐wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) or rice‐maize ( Zea mays L.) rotations are common, but other crops such as lentil ( Lens culinaris Medikus), chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) and mustard ( Brassica campestris L.) may be grown in the rabi season depending on suitability of soils, climate and access to irrigation (Ali et al., 2007; Gathala et al., 2015; Krupnik et al., 2015; Singh et al., 2014; Vance et al., 2015). Post‐rice season cropping allows smallholder farmers to intensify the use of land traditionally left fallow after harvest of rice (Krupnik et al., 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this environment, plant water limitations can hamper rabi crops at establishment and also later in the season. During crop establishment, germination, emergence and early seedling growth of rabi season crops (such as chickpea and lentil) grown on residual soil moisture can be limited due to rapid drying and sometimes hard‐setting of the surface soil in the seedbed (Li et al., 2011; Musa et al., 2001; Vance et al., 2015). During vegetative and/or reproductive growth stages, post‐rice pulse crops such as chickpea rely on the stored soil water left after harvest of the rice as well as any winter rainfall, which can vary from negligible to excess amounts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil disturbance levels, soil water content and the establishment of rainfed chickpea: Mechanised seeding options for smallholder farms in north‐west Bangladesh

Vance

Bell

Johansen³

et al. 2020

J Agronomy Crop Science

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Optimum soil physical conditions for crop establishment are more likely to occur with mechanised row‐sowing using metered seeding and controlled depth placement of seeds than with broadcast sowing, that is common in many traditional South Asian cropping practices. Establishment success is a limitation for post‐rice crops in medium to heavy textured soils in the Eastern Gangetic Plain because sowing coincides with rapid topsoil drying and increases in soil strength. In addition, due to lack of rainfall in the post‐rice season the crop relies on access to stored soil water during vegetative and reproductive growth to achieve adequate yields. Our aim was to determine whether decreased soil disturbance (from full tillage to zero tillage (ZT) to undisturbed soil (Fallow)) and direct seeding (using small‐scale seeders) could 1) enhance chickpea crop establishment by conserving seedbed soil water and 2) alter crop water use of the water stored in the soil profile. The silt loam soil has an estimated volumetric soil water content (θv) of 34% at field capacity. At sowing, θv in the seedbed was between 25% to 29%. This was adequate for successful chickpea crop establishment, but slightly wetter than optimum for tillage. In the wet soil at sowing, there was evidence of smeared furrow walls and poor soil covering of the seed in the seedbed in strip planting (SP; rotating blades in front of tine) and ZT. Uncovered furrows (in ZT; using a tine opener) and the fallow soil lost more surface soil water (9%, 23 days after sowing) than the seedbeds created with greater levels of soil disturbance. In 2008, grain yield of single‐pass shallow tillage (SPST) was greater than SP but in 2009, grain yields of all one‐pass tillage techniques (ZT, SP, SPST) were greater than in the broadcast seeding in fully tilled soils. The improvement in chickpea yields was attributed to greater plant numbers, early plant vigour and root growth. Chickpea roots were found to 60 cm depth in the soil profile, and soil water content was less than the θv of wilting point to this depth at podding. There is evidence that root growth and plant water uptake occur deeper in these soil profiles to achieve the grain yields > 1,000 kg/ha recorded in this study. Mechanised sowing in rows with small‐scale seeders has the capability to overcome establishment and yield limitations for chickpea on medium to heavy soils in the post‐rice season.

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Physical Conditions That Limit Chickpea Root Growth and Emergence in Heavy-Textured Soil

Vance,

Bell,

Johansen

2023

Seeds

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The tillage method determines several soil physical parameters that affect the emergence of post-rice chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the Indo-Gangetic Plain of South Asia. Mechanised row-sowing with minimum soil disturbance and crop residue retention in medium-to-heavy-textured soils will alter the seedbed when compared to that prepared after traditional full tillage and broadcast sowing. Whilst minimum soil disturbance and timely sowing may alleviate the soil water constraint to crop establishment, other soil physical properties such as soil strength, bulk density, and aggregate size may still inhibit seedling emergence and root elongation. This study’s objective was to determine the limitations to chickpea crop establishment with increasing bulk density and soil strength, and different aggregate sizes below and above the seed. In two growth cabinet studies, chickpea seed was sown in clay soil with (i) a bulk density range of 1.3–1.9 Mg m−3 (Experiment 1) and (ii) the combination of bulk densities (1.3 and 1.8 Mg m−3) and aggregate sizes (<2 mm and >4 mm) above and below the seed (Experiment 2). Root length was significantly reduced with increasing bulk density (>1.4 Mg m−3), and soil strength impeded early root growth at >1 MPa. Where main root growth was impeded due to high bulk density and soil strength, a greater proportion of total root growth was associated with the elongation of lateral roots. The present study suggests that the soil above the seed needs to be loosely compacted (<1.3 Mg m−3) for seedling emergence to occur. Further research is needed to determine the size of the soil aggregates, which optimise germination and emergence. We conclude that soil strength values typical of field conditions in the Indo-Gangetic Plain at sowing will impede the root growth of chickpea seedlings. This effect can be minimised by changing tillage operations to produce seedbed conditions that are within the limiting thresholds of bulk density and soil strength.

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Optimum Soil Water Content for Chickpea Emergence in Heavy‐Textured Soils of North‐West Bangladesh

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Is Soil Covered with Climacium dendroides More Conducive to the Germination of Pinus koraiensis Seeds?

Is Soil Covered with Climacium dendroides More Conducive to the Germination of Pinus koraiensis Seeds?

Soil disturbance levels, soil water content and the establishment of rainfed chickpea: Mechanised seeding options for smallholder farms in north‐west Bangladesh

Physical Conditions That Limit Chickpea Root Growth and Emergence in Heavy-Textured Soil

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