Optimum sizing and optimum energy management of a hybrid energy storage system for lithium battery life improvement

A comparison study of different semi-active hybrid energy storage system topologies for electric vehicles

“…The cost of energy storage devices are assumed to be 1600 USD kWh À1 for the LiFePO 4 battery (600 cells cost 184.32 k$), 15,000 USD kWh À1 for the SC, and 50 USD kW À1 for the DC/DC converter [23]. The electricity cost is assumed to be 0.1 $/ kWh, according to the report of the U.S. Energy Information Administration [24].…”

Optimization for a hybrid energy storage system in electric vehicles using dynamic programing approach

“…(17). The cost of energy storage devices are assumed to be 1600 USD kW h À1 for the LiFePO 4 battery, 15,000 USD kW h À1 for the SC, and 50 USD kW À1 for the DC/DC converter [27]. We assume that the battery cannot be used when its capacity reduces to 80% of its initial value, and the peak power of the DC/DC converter is 200 kW, as mentioned above.…”

Stochastic coordinated operation of wind and battery energy storage system considering battery degradation

“…The parameters of BESS are shown in Table 2. For BESS sizing selection problems, we refer to [33,34]. The data of the BESS degradation curve is derived from [29], as shown in Fig 3. The desired lifetime of BESS is assumed to be longer than 10 years, and the shelf life is 30 years.…”