Optimum selection of extraction methods of extracellular polymeric substances in activated sludge for effective extraction of the target components

Hong, Phuc-Nguon; Honda, Ryo; Noguchi, Midori; Ito, Tomohiro

doi:10.1016/j.bej.2017.08.002

Cited by 54 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Consequently, the power requirement to initiate cavitation is much greater for highfrequency sonication [70]. Sponer [71] proposed that the (1 U: 1 mol product released/min) U is the enzyme activity and is based on either the amount of product formed or substrate consumed within a specified, standard time period under defined experimental conditions; the metrics for enzyme activity units varied between the studies and are presented in brackets below each reference Duration: Several studies [73][74][75] consistently show that effective cellular disruption and enzyme release by sonication requires a minimum treatment period > 10 min. For example, Arun and Sivashanmugam [76] found that increasing the sonication duration from 5 to 20 min significantly improved the recovery of protease, lipase and amylase from fruit waste and measured maximum enzyme activity values equivalent to approximately 43, 17 and 27 U/ ml, respectively.…”

Section: Factors Influencing the Efficiency Of Enzyme Extraction By Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme Recovery from Biological Wastewater Treatment

Liu¹,

Smith²

2020

Waste Biomass Valor

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Enzymes are high value industrial bio-catalysts with extensive applications in a wide range of manufacturing and processing sectors, including the agricultural, food and household care industries. The catalytic efficiency of enzymes can be several orders higher compared to inorganic chemical catalysts under mild conditions. However, the nutrient medium necessary for biomass culture represents a significant cost to industrial enzyme production. Activated sludge (AS) is a waste product of biological wastewater treatment and consists of microbial biomass that degrades organic matter by producing substantial quantities of hydrolytic enzymes. Therefore, enzyme recovery from AS offers an alternative, potentially viable approach to industrial enzyme production. Enzyme extraction from disrupted AS flocs is technically feasible and has been demonstrated at experimental-scale. A critical review of disruption techniques identified sonication as potentially the most effective and suitable method for enzyme extraction, which can be scaled up and is a familiar technology to the water industry. The yields of different enzymes are influenced by wastewater treatment conditions, and particularly the composition, and can also be controlled by feeding sludge with specific target substrates. Nevertheless, hydrolytic enzymes can be effectively extracted directly from waste AS without specific modifications to standard wastewater treatment processes. Purification, concentration and stabilisation/immobilisation techniques can also greatly expand the industrial application and increase the economic value and marketability of enzyme products extracted from AS. Concentrated and purified AS enzymes could readily substitute inorganic and/or commercial bioenzyme catalysts in many industrial applications including, for example, leather processing, and in detergent and animal feed formulation. Enzyme extraction from AS therefore offers significant economic benefits to the Water Industry by recovering valuable resources from wastewater. They can also optimise important waste treatment processes, such as the anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge, increasing biogas and renewable energy production. The enzyme-extracted sludge exhibits improved treatment properties, such as increased settleability, dewaterability, and anaerobic digestibility for biogas production, assisting sludge management by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and enabling the further utilisation of the residual sludge. Graphic Abstract

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Section: Factors Influencing the Efficiency Of Enzyme Extraction By Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme Recovery from Biological Wastewater Treatment

Liu¹,

Smith²

2020

Waste Biomass Valor

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“…[5][6][7] As a complex high-molecularweight mixture of polymers, the accepted consensus for EPS classication in the literature contains the tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) forming the inner layer, the loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) diffusing in the outer layer, and soluble EPS originating from EPS hydrolysis. 8,9 As an inevitable transportation pathway of P between bulk solution and PAOs cell, both TB-EPS and LB-EPS are regarded as the P reservoirs, and hence pose signicantly inuences on the uptake and release of P in BPR processes. More recently, some studies have already provided a new recognition of the contribution of both the LB-EPS and TB-EPS into P removal by proposing a new BPR metabolic model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved ASM-GDA approach to evaluate the production kinetics of loosely bound and tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances in biological phosphorus removal process

et al. 2020

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“…Enzyme extraction following sludge floc disruption has been demonstrated and is technically feasible in benchscale experiments (Jung et al, 2002;Gessesse et al, 2003;Marin et al, 2018). Ultrasonication is effective in destroying microbial cell membranes, releasing intracellular substances and enzymes embedded in the sludge EPS matrix (Zielewicz, 2016) and is widely applied in intracellular and/or extracellular extraction (Capelo et al, 2004;Hong et al, 2017). However, the extraction efficiency is affected by the treatment conditions, including power intensity and treatment duration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme activity of waste activated sludge extracts

Liu

Smith

2019

Water Science and Technology

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Wastewater treatment and generated biological sludge provide an alternative source of enzymes to conventional industrial production methods. Here, we present a protocol for extracting enzymes from activated sludge using ultrasonication and surfactant treatment. Under optimum conditions, ultrasound disruption of activated sludge gave recovery rates of protease and cellulase enzymes equivalent to 63.1% and ∼100%, respectively. The extracting of enzymes from activated sludge represents a potentially significant, high-value, resource recovery option for biological sludge generated by municipal wastewater treatment.

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Optimum selection of extraction methods of extracellular polymeric substances in activated sludge for effective extraction of the target components

Cited by 54 publications

References 50 publications

Enzyme Recovery from Biological Wastewater Treatment

Enzyme Recovery from Biological Wastewater Treatment

An improved ASM-GDA approach to evaluate the production kinetics of loosely bound and tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances in biological phosphorus removal process

Enzyme activity of waste activated sludge extracts

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