Optimum Placement of Phasor Measurement Units in Power Systems

Abstract

In this paper, we proposed to evaluate the optimal PMU placement based on the Sum of Variance of the robust estimators. Variance is traditionally used as a measure of the quality of estimates. In this paper, after satisfying the requirements of the minimum number of PMUs, maximum measurement redundancy and observability, the placements obtained are further distinguished on the basis of the variance of the estimated states. Both the Weighted Least Squares (WLS) and robust estimators are considered. Examples on the IEEE 30-bus system using Least Absolute Value (LAV) estimation are given. The covariance of the state estimates from the WLS can be calculated using existing formulas. However, there is no equivalent formula for the robust LAV estimator. A formula is derived in this paper using influence function to approximately calculate the covariance matrix of the state estimates from the robust LAV estimator. The optimum placement i.e. the placement with the smallest sum of variance can be selected.

Full Coverage of Optimal Phasor Measurement Unit Placement Solutions in Distribution Systems Using Integer Linear Programming

“…The ILP based method makes it easy to be implemented and PMU loss can be integrated with less effort. With all optimal solutions obtained, the decision maker would evaluate these solutions using other criteria that are mathematically difficult to express or based on the application requirement to choose the best solution [14].…”

“…In practice, it is possible that multiple solutions, while equally optimal in terms of PMU number and SORI, can be further distinguished by other criteria that cannot be integrated in the ILP optimization problem. In the field of OPP, it is likely that two placement strategies having the same number of PMUs and SORI have different performance in other aspects such as robustness or state estimation (SE) variance that cannot be easily implemented in the objective function [14]. For example, the state estimation variance cannot be expressed directly by the locations of PMUs.…”

Robust distribution system state estimation with hybrid measurements

“…There is no minimum requirement on the number, location and reporting frequency of the hybrid devices for the proposed DSSE. The authors in [35,36] explain the optimal meter placement in active distribution system. The method proposed in this paper uses all the three measurement sources, viz.…”

Optimal placement of PMU for complete observability of the interconnected power network considering zero-injection bus: A numerical approach

“…In [27], the authors proposed a new methodology for the OPP problem in a connected power network that is suffering from random component outages. In [28], the authors proposed the sum of the variance of the robust estimators to determine the PMU placement problem. Also, the placements obtained are further illustrated based on the variance of the estimated states.…”