Optimum Load-Frequency Continuous Control with Unknown Deterministic Power Demand

A new design of dual-mode Type-II fuzzy logic load frequency controller for interconnected power systems with parallel AC–DC tie-lines and superconducting magnetic energy storage unit

“…To access the performance of the proposed controller under unknown deterministic power demand, DP d1 was taken to be slowly time-varying and given by Ref. [39],…”

Robust load‐frequency control in interconnected power systems

“…A rapidly growing interest in load-frequency control (LFC) has been in the power engineering field over many decades. The authors [1][2][3][4][5] using optimal control methods were found since 1970s, and these papers have applied the solutions of the stateregulator problem to the LFC problem. However, direct application of the optimum linear-state regulator for LFC cannot be possible since the power demand in a power system always varies from time to time.…”

LQR based load frequency control with SMES in deregulated environment

“…The controllers for AGC utilized are Proportional and Integral (PI), Proportional-IntegralDerivative (PID), and optimal controllers. Other types of controllers based on optimal control theory [6][7][8] and variable structure control theory have also been used [9][10][11]. The gain of the controllers can be optimized to control fast transient recovery and low overshoot in the dynamic response of the system.…”

“…The gain of the controllers can be optimized to control fast transient recovery and low overshoot in the dynamic response of the system. Many authors have used gain setting of PI controllers based on integral squared error [6][7][8][9]. PI controllers improve steady state error with little or no overshoot for the frequency variations.…”