Optimum injection dose rate of hydrogen sulfide scavenger for treatment of petroleum crude oil

El-Shiekh, T. M.; Elmawgoud, H.A.; Khalil, Salah A.; Al-Sabagh, A.M.

doi:10.1016/j.ejpe.2015.03.015

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Effect of Acidity on the Reaction between Triazine and H 2 S. As reported in the literature, 7,11,12 the pH of the reaction solution has a significant effect on the efficiency of H 2 S scavenging using triazine. To explore the effect of solution pH on the reaction between triazine and Na 2 S, we adjusted its acidity by using HOAc.…”

Section: Analytical Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 79%

“…However, the effectiveness of triazine on H 2 S removal is strongly dependent on temperature, pH, contact time, and natural gas composition. 11,12 Among them, the pH value of oil and gas fields varies significantly with the depth of the well. 13 This would have a great effect on triazine reactivity with H 2 S, because the hydrolysis rate of triazine is strongly dependent on the pH of the reaction solution.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting thiadiazine then reacts with H 2 S, forming 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-hexa-hydro-1,3,5-dithiazine (dithiazine), which further interacts with H 2 S, finally producing s-trithiane (trithiane). However, the effectiveness of triazine on H 2 S removal is strongly dependent on temperature, pH, contact time, and natural gas composition. , Among them, the pH value of oil and gas fields varies significantly with the depth of the well . This would have a great effect on triazine reactivity with H 2 S, because the hydrolysis rate of triazine is strongly dependent on the pH of the reaction solution .…”

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Elucidating the Reaction Mechanisms between Triazine and Hydrogen Sulfide with pH Variation Using Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2018

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Triazine is one of the most economical and effective scavengers for hydrogen sulfide (HS) removal, but the reaction mechanisms between triazine and HS with pH variation in solution are still poorly understood. Herein, we show that the reaction process can be directly probed by means of paper spray mass spectrometry, in which an aprotic solvent (e.g., acetonitrile) is more favorable to the observation of reaction intermediates than a protic solvent (e.g., methanol), because of hydrogen bond interaction. Varying the pH of the reaction leads to completely different reaction pathways. With the pH in the range of 5.58 to 7.73, the major product was thiadiazine. With a pH of 3.02-3.69, thiadiazine is converted to 2-(5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-3-yl)acetaldehyde, which differs from the traditional pathway of analogous reactions. However, as ammonia was added into the reaction and the pH was adjusted to the range 8.45-9.43, triazine readily undergoes hydrolysis, and the formed intermediate reacts with ammonia and formaldehyde generated in situ from triazine to produce 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azoniatricyclo [3.3.1.1]decane (HTAD). Further increasing the pH up to 10.27-11.21 leads to the decomposition of HTAD. Based on the experimental observation and evidence from high-resolution and tandem mass spectrometry, we propose the plausible reaction mechanisms between triazine and HS, as well as the derived reaction from triazine under different pH conditions.

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Section: Analytical Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 79%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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