Optimum design of the constant-volume gas pycnometer for determining the volume of solid particles

Tamari, Serge

doi:10.1088/0957-0233/15/3/007

Cited by 63 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…1, para obter a densidade de um corpo sólido ou líquidó e necessário: a) determinar a massa M em gramas do corpo cuja densidade se deseja, por meio de uma balança [6]; b) estabelecer uma medida precisa do volume ocupado por essa massa. No caso específico de líquidos, cilindros graduados, balões volumétricos e, particularmente, picnômetros [6][7][8][9][10] são usados para essa finalidade.…”

Section: O Queé Densidade?unclassified

A densidade e a evolução do densímetro

Oliveira

Filho

Afonso

2013

Rev. Bras. Ensino Fís.

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Este trabalho passa em revista o conceito de densidade e descreve o densímetro, instrumento destinado a medir a densidade de líquidos puros ou soluções sem o auxílio de uma balança. A concepção do densímetro se baseia no princípio de Arquimedes (flutuabilidade). O emprego desse instrumento ganhou impulso a partir do século XVII. Duas versões foram propostas: os de volume constante e os de peso constante. O formato básico praticamente não mudou em mais de 250 anos. A evolução mais perceptível se deu no elemento de equilíbrio (lastro), que passou do mercúrio líquido ás bolas de chumbo unidas por resina hoje em dia. O densímetro é um instrumento prático e barato para se realizar experiências simples que despertam nos jovens a inserção da química e da física no cotidiano, e mostram a importância da densidade no controle de qualidade de produtos (como o etanol combustível e bebidas).

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Section: O Queé Densidade?unclassified

A densidade e a evolução do densímetro

Oliveira

Filho

Afonso

2013

Rev. Bras. Ensino Fís.

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“…Gas pycnometry, based on the Boyle–Mariotte law of the volume–pressure relationship, is an effective tool to determine the volume of porous materials because it does not possess the limitations of other testing methods (Tamari 2004), such as the problem of air entrapment. In gas pycnometry the main approximation in the estimation of the sample volume is the non–ideal gas behaviour and its adsorption on to the solid material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porosity Determination With Helium Pycnometry as a Method to Characterize Waterlogged Woods and the Efficacy of the Conservation Treatments

Donato

Lazzara

2012

Archaeometry

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The helium pycnometer allows us to measure the cell-wall density of dry woods and the basic density of wood samples soaked with water and/or a consolidant solution if a non-volatile solvent is used. These parameters were correlated to the porosity, which for degraded waterlogged wood is related to the maximum water content. Moreover, this has revealed the possibility of investigating, by means of accurate cell-wall density determination, the efficacy of several consolidants in the treatment of waterlogged woods.

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“…generally in accordance with 'AS1289.3.5.1-Soil Classification Test-Determination of a Soil Particle Density of a Soil (Standard Method)'(SAI Global 2011). Helium gas was used as it is widely accepted to be an ideal and non-adsorbing gas at room temperature (Tamari 2004). As the density of water changes slightly with temperature, it was assumed that the temperature was constant at 26°C (room temperature).…”

Section: Specific Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sample volume is calculated as the volume of helium displaced. This is based on the known volume of the two chambers, the pressures in each chamber prior to connection, and the final pressure after the chambers have been connected (Tamari 2004). …”

Section: Specific Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bulking and Subsequent Self-Weight and Saturation Settlements, and Geotechnical Stability of High Coal Mine Spoil Piles

Kho¹

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To satisfy the ever increasing global and domestic demand for coal, many coal mine operators in Australia, with thick coal seams at depth, are investigating the feasibility of deep open pit mining. Pit depths of up to 500 m have been proposed, with projected spoil pile heights of up to 600 m. The increased thickness of overburden becomes a significant issue, as this increases the amount of spoil produced. Mine operators then have to decide where to place spoil in the early stages of mine planning. Therefore, the parameters on which decisions are made have to be determined up front, to accurately estimate the net present value costs necessary to prove the financial viability of deep open pit mining at a given site.The mechanisms that cause spoil volume change are: bulking, self-weight settlement, saturationinduced collapse and degradation, all of which act together to alter the shape and height of spoil piles.Thus, the understanding of these volume change mechanisms is critical to the design, sizing, geotechnical stability and cost estimation of an open pit coal mine.This thesis documents the research, funded by Australian Coal Association Research Program (ACARP) Project C19022, aimed at investigating the effects of settlement and strength of coal mine spoil. As part of the research, several mine sites were visited. Representative spoil samples were collected and were subjected to a comprehensive laboratory testing programme.Laboratory direct shear testing undertaken in two sizes, 60 mm square and 300 mm square, found that coal mine spoil materials are best characterised as having low cohesion (generally less than 10 kPa) and reasonably high friction angles (generally greater than 30°). On testing under dry conditions, the friction angle is typically in the range from 27 to 35°, while on testing under wet conditions, the friction angle decreases to the range 20 to 34°. Wetting up is seen to cause some reduction in strength, especially for the weakly-cemented and highly plastic spoils.Laboratory compression tests were performed on two sizes: the standard 76 mm diameter oedometer, capable of stresses up to 1 MPa, and the 150 mm diameter high stress oedometer, capable of stresses up to 10 MPa. Self-weight settlement of initially dry spoil was found to be up to 45% of initial height iii at 10 MPa stress. Of this, about 80% is expected to occur during placement and is thus not 'seen'.Collapse settlement on wetting up was found to cause additional settlements of up to 15% at stresses of about 500 kPa, decreasing to about 5% at 10 MPa stress. Negligible further collapse is expected after a collapse event, since water merely fills the voids between particles. In addition, test results indicated that the void ratio of coal mine spoil approached values of 0.3 to 0.35, corresponding to dry densities of between 1.95 and 2.1 t/m 3 , at 10 MPa applied stress, regardless of moisture state, maximum particle size, scalping method and magnitude of initial loading.As part of the research, a degradation test method was deve...

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Optimum design of the constant-volume gas pycnometer for determining the volume of solid particles

Cited by 63 publications

References 27 publications

A densidade e a evolução do densímetro

A densidade e a evolução do densímetro

Porosity Determination With Helium Pycnometry as a Method to Characterize Waterlogged Woods and the Efficacy of the Conservation Treatments

Bulking and Subsequent Self-Weight and Saturation Settlements, and Geotechnical Stability of High Coal Mine Spoil Piles

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