Optimum Design of 2-D Reinforced Concrete Frames Using a Genetic Algorithm

Abstract

Construction of concrete structures involves at least three different materials: concrete, steel and formwork. A large number of parameters, therefore, have to be dealt with in proportioning a reinforced concrete element, including width, depth, number and diameter of rebar. Consequently, together with experience, trial and adjustment are necessary in the choice of concrete sections. A trial section has to be chosen for each critical location in a structural system. The trial section has to be analyzed to determine if its nominal resisting strength is adequate to carry out the applied factored loads. Since more than one trial is often necessary to arrive at the required section, this process is time consuming. Also, the final design of a practiced designer is different from that of a beginner and it is never known whether the result is an optimum design. The objective of this research is to design optimally reinforced concrete frames that satisfy the limitations and specifications of the American Concrete Institute (ACI) Building Code and Commentary using a Genetic Algorithm (GA). The GA used in this study has an adaptive penalty function. New options are added to the GA, including tournament selection with specified conditions or repairing operator that acts on beams and columns to accelerate convergence of the program. Design results show that the algorithm presented here compares advantageously with classic methods or other GA algorithms used previously for optimum design of concrete frames.