Optimum Cutoff Value of Urinary Cotinine Distinguishing South Korean Adult Smokers From Nonsmokers Using Data From the KNHANES (2008–2010)

Kim, Sungroul; Jung, Ara

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntt027

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Goniewicz et al [38] reported 31.5 ng/mL as the cutoff value for distinguishing adult active from passive smokers based on ROC analysis of data from participants recruited for 6 different studies. Recently, Kim and Jung [56] obtained the optimum cutoff value (164 ng/mL) for urinary cotinine using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database (2008–2010, N = 11,629). The application of the urinary cotinine cutoff value provided sensitivity of 93.2% and specificity of 95.7%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Cotinine Cutoff Values for Smoking Status Classification

Kim

2016

IJERPH

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While cotinine is commonly used as a biomarker to validate self-reported smoking status, the selection of an optimal cotinine cutoff value for distinguishing true smokers from true nonsmokers shows a lack of standardization among studies. This review describes how the cutoff values have been derived, and explains the issues involved in the generalization of a cutoff value. In this study, we conducted an English-language literature search in PubMed using the keywords “cotinine” and “cutoff” or “self-reported” and “smoking status” and “validation” for the years 1985–2014. We obtained 104 articles, 32 of which provided (1) sensitivity and specificity of a cutoff value and (2) determination methods for the given cutoff value. We found that the saliva cotinine cutoff value range of 10–25 ng/mL, serum and urine cotinine cutoff of 10–20 ng/mL and 50–200 ng/mL, respectively, have been commonly used to validate self-reported smoking status using a 2 × 2 table or a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. We also found that recent large population-based studies in the U.S. and UK reported lower cutoff values for cotinine in serum (3 ng/mL) and saliva (12 ng/mL), compared to the traditionally accepted ones (15 and 14 ng/mg, respectively).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Cotinine Cutoff Values for Smoking Status Classification

Kim

2016

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226

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“…We defined a smoker as a person who had smoked more than five packs of cigarettes (100 cigarettes) in his/her life and currently smoked more than 1 cigarette/day at the time of the interview [20]. Everyone else was classified as a non-smoker.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interactive association of smoking and drinking levels with presence of periodontitis in South Korean adults

et al. 2016

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BackgroundPeriodontitis is a chronic and long-lasting low-grade inflammatory disease. Numerous studies have shown that the severity of periodontitis rose when there was an increase in the amount of smoking or alcohol consumption. However, as periodontitis known as a chronic disease, it is important to consider not only the amount but “duration” with frequency i.e., rates, of smoking or drinking. This study assessed impacts of the amount and duration of smoking and drinking on periodontal health in Korean adults. We also investigated whether or not there is an interactive effect of smoking and drinking on periodontal health.MethodsUnder a cross-sectional study design, we used data from the fourth and fifth the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) sessions (2008–2010). A total of 18,488 subjects (over 19 years) answered both smoking and drinking status and were given the periodontal examination. Periodontal health status was determined by the community periodontal index (CPI) developed by the World Health Organization (WHO). According to the WHO guidelines, if a participant’s CPI was 3 or larger, we classified the person as a case of periodontitis. Participants with a CPI < 3 were assigned to the control group.ResultsPrevalence of periodontitis for self-reported smokers or drinkers in South Korea was 35.0 or 28.0 %, respectively. We observed 1.20 (0.93~1.56) of odds ratio (95 % CI) for prevalence (POR) of periodontitis for those smoked <13 pack-year (PY) and drank ≥6.8 glass-year (GY). And we had POR of 1.91 (1.34~2.73) for those smoked ≥13 PY and drank <6.8 GY, compared to those nonsmoking nondrinkers. The observed POR of 2.41 (95 % CI: 1.94–3.00), for those smoked ≥13 PY and drank ≥6.8 GY, was higher than a multiplicative effect estimated, i.e., 1.20 (0.93~1.56) [those smoked <13 PY and drank ≥6.8 GY] × 1.91 (1.34~2.73) [those smoked ≥13 PY and drank <6.8 GY], or 2.29.ConclusionsWe observed a multiplicative interactive effect of smoking and drinking on periodontal status among Korean adults.

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“…Additionally, the association between log-transformed biomarker concentration and the self-reported number of cigarettes smoked was assessed using the Pearson correlation test and a multivariate regression model after controlling for other explanatory variables, such as age, gender, race, education level and hair treatment (for hair nicotine only). Cutoff values for hair nicotine and salivary cotinine concentrations were determined by Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis [17]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility and Cutoff Value of Hair Nicotine as a Biomarker of Long-Term Tobacco Smoke Exposure, Compared to Salivary Cotinine

Kim

Apelberg

Ávila-Tang

et al. 2014

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While hair samples are easier to collect and less expensive to store and transport than biological fluids, and hair nicotine characterizes tobacco exposure over a longer time period than blood or urine cotinine, information on its utility, compared with salivary cotinine, is still limited. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 289 participants (107 active smokers, 105 passive smokers with self-reported secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, and 77 non-smokers with no SHS exposure) in Baltimore (Maryland, USA). A subset of the study participants (n = 52) were followed longitudinally over a two-month interval. Median baseline hair nicotine concentrations for active, passive and non-smokers were 16.2, 0.36, and 0.23 ng/mg, respectively, while those for salivary cotinine were 181.0, 0.27, and 0.27 ng/mL, respectively. Hair nicotine concentrations for 10% of passive or non-smokers were higher than the 25th percentile value for active smokers while all corresponding salivary cotinine concentrations for them were lower than the value for active smokers. This study showed that hair nicotine concentration values could be used to distinguish active or heavy passive adult smokers from non-SHS exposed non-smokers. Our results indicate that hair nicotine is a useful biomarker for the assessment of long-term exposure to tobacco smoke.

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Optimum Cutoff Value of Urinary Cotinine Distinguishing South Korean Adult Smokers From Nonsmokers Using Data From the KNHANES (2008–2010)

Cited by 33 publications

References 31 publications

Overview of Cotinine Cutoff Values for Smoking Status Classification

Overview of Cotinine Cutoff Values for Smoking Status Classification

The interactive association of smoking and drinking levels with presence of periodontitis in South Korean adults

Utility and Cutoff Value of Hair Nicotine as a Biomarker of Long-Term Tobacco Smoke Exposure, Compared to Salivary Cotinine

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