Optimum coverage of irrigation canals to minimize evaporation and maximize dissolved oxygen concentration: case study of Toshka, Egypt

Baradei, Sherine Ahmed El; Sadeq, Mai Al

doi:10.1007/s13762-018-2010-6

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…(a) Lining canals using plain concrete over dolomite stones; (b) geocell grid material (MWRI, 2005); (c) proposed floated photovoltaic cells of Sheikh Zayed canal (El Baradei & Al Sadeq, 2019; El Baradei & Sadeq, 2020)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the impact of lining and covering irrigation canals on underlying groundwater stores in the Nile Delta, Egypt

Abd‐Elaty

Pugliese

Bali

et al. 2022

Hydrological Processes

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Canal seepage losses can contribute significantly to groundwater aquifers in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide. In addition, surface water evaporation and evapotranspiration from adjacent riparian vegetation directly affect surface water availability across these regions. This study aims to evaluate interactions between irrigation canals and the Nile Delta groundwater aquifer in Egypt under four operational scenarios: (i) decreased stream flows in the four main diversion canals associated with upper Nile diversions and climate change, (ii) concrete lining of irrigation canals, (iii) combined lining and use of Photo-Voltaic (PV) Solar Panel covers on canals and (iv) enclosure of the canals in closed conduits. We investigated the effects of these scenarios on regional groundwater supplies and levels using MODFLOW and water budget analyses. Decreased streamflow (scenario 1) resulted in decreased aquifer recharge (from 732 910 to 483 800 m 3 day À1 ) and lower groundwater levels as compared to the base case (present) conditions. Moreover, groundwater flows from the aquifer to the four main canals noticeably increased from 23 176 to 79 364 m 3 day À1 . Water budget analyses associated with canal lining scenarios (2, 3, & 4) indicated that canal leakage to the aquifer accounted for 146 582, 146 582, and 73 291 m 3 day À1 respectively. The changes in canal efficiencies reached 29.3%, 67.1%, 75.3%, and 91.8% while the changes in aquifer recharge efficiencies were 66%, 20%, 20%, and 10% for the four scenarios, respectively. Overall, we found that canals lining is likely the most suitable solution for managing water resources in the Nile Delta. Further aspects to be considered in future studies include the loss of biodiversity along streams embankments due to channel lining.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the impact of lining and covering irrigation canals on underlying groundwater stores in the Nile Delta, Egypt

Abd‐Elaty

Pugliese

Bali

et al. 2022

Hydrological Processes

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“…Additionally, the uncontrolled Toshka spillway starts releasing the water towards the Toshka depression after the water level reaches above 178 m. Mubarak Pumping Station, located on the left bank of the reservoir, pumps water into El Sheikh Zayed Canal flowing to the Toshka Project. The New Valley Project in Toshka was developed in the Western Desert by the Egyptian government along with the huge Mubarak Pumping Station with a maximum discharge of 300 m 3 /s [59].…”

Section: Aswan High Dam Reservoir Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing an Optimized Policy Tree-Based Reservoir Operation Model for High Aswan Dam Reservoir, Nile River

Goharian

Shaltout

Erfani

et al. 2022

Water

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The impacts of climate change on the Nile River and Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) along with the increased water demand downstream suggest an urgent need for more efficient management of the reservoir system that is well-informed by accurate modeling and optimization of the reservoir operation. This study provides an updated water balance model for Aswan High Dam Reservoir, which was validated using combined heterogeneous sources of information, including in situ gauge data, bias-corrected reanalyzed data, and remote sensing information. To investigate the future challenges, the spatial distribution of the annual/seasonal Aswan High Dam Reservoir surface air temperature trends over the period from 1979 to 2018 was studied. An increase of around 0.48 °C per decade in average annual temperature was detected, a trend that is expected to continue until 2100. Moreover, a set of machine learning models were developed and utilized to bias-correct the reanalyzed inflow and outflow data available for Aswan High Dam Reservoir. Finally, a policy tree optimization model was developed to inform the decision-making process and operation of the reservoir system. Results from the historical test simulations show that including reliable inflow data, accurate estimation of evaporation losses, and including new regulations and added projects, such as the Toshka Project, greatly affect the simulation results and guide managers through how the reservoir system should be operated in the future.

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“…(El Baradei and Al Sadeq, 2019). The model estimated daily evaporation flux per unit length of SZC (𝑞 𝑣 ) using,…”

Section: Evaporation and Seepage Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As open channel construction cost constitutes a major part of the cost of flood protection and water supply projects, optimization of open channel design is important for cost reduction and for achieving project economic feasibility, particularly for long-distance, large-capacity open channels. Furthermore, optimizing the design of open channels may aid in saving water lost by evaporation and seepage, which is particularly important for water supply projects in regions suffering from water scarcity (El Baradei and Al Sadeq, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Optimization Model for Open Channel Design

Salem

Imam

Ghanem

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Open channels are one of the most used water conveyance systems to deliver water for diﬀerent purposes. Existing models for the design of open channels mainly assume uniform ﬂow, focus on cross-section sizing, and generally decouple cross-section sizing from the selection of channel alignment and proﬁle. This study developed an optimization model for a comprehensive design of conveyance channels. The model minimizes the sum of costs for earthwork, lining, water losses, and land acquisition; accounts for non-uniform, mixed-regime ﬂow; and considers multiple geometric and hydraulic constraints. The model was validated using several idealized scenarios. The model potential in minimizing the cost of real open channel projects was demonstrated through application to an existing irrigation water transmission canal in Egypt (the Sheikh Zayed Canal). The results of validation scenarios matched the anticipated outcomes for channel proﬁle and alignment and reproduced analytical solutions given in the literature for channel cross-section design. Application of the model to the Sheikh Zayed Canal gave a more optimal design; the OCCD model produced a design alternative with ~27% less cost than the constructed alternative.

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Optimum coverage of irrigation canals to minimize evaporation and maximize dissolved oxygen concentration: case study of Toshka, Egypt

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Modelling the impact of lining and covering irrigation canals on underlying groundwater stores in the Nile Delta, Egypt

Modelling the impact of lining and covering irrigation canals on underlying groundwater stores in the Nile Delta, Egypt

Developing an Optimized Policy Tree-Based Reservoir Operation Model for High Aswan Dam Reservoir, Nile River

Comprehensive Optimization Model for Open Channel Design

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