Optimum conditions for parallel translation of maxillary anterior teeth under retraction force determined with the finite element method

Tensile Properties of Orthodontic Elastomeric Chains

“…bei einer En-masse-Retraktion auf annähernd slotfüllenden Bögen, sollten PCs mit Kräften von ca. 1,5 N beidseits appliziert werden [14,25].…”

“…in en masse retraction along the archwires that almost fill the slots, PCs should be applied with forces of approx. 1.5 N on both sides [14,25].…”

The influence of simulated aging on the mechanical properties of orthodontic elastomeric chains without an intermodular link

“…Assuming that there is increased resistance to the archwires sliding in the slot, e.g., as in en masse retraction with nearly slotfilling archwires, and that PCs with forces of approx. 1.5 N are bilaterally applied [14,22], it would make sense to replace several manufacturers' chains for mechanical reasons after just one day (e.g., Group 4). Chains from other manufacturers should be replaced after 2 weeks of application because a further drop in force is probable (such as Groups 8, 10, and 11).…”

Past, Present and Future of Finite Element Analysis in Dentistry

“…However, numerical convergence (Huang et al, 2007) is still required, which is frequently neglected in dental simulations (Tanne et al, 1987;Jones et al, 2001;Liang et al, 2009;Kim et al, 2010). Some biologists ignore all results from FEA, requesting an unreasonable level of validation for each model, but overlooking the valuable contributions of engineering principles.…”