Optimum Axillary Dissection in Breast Cancer—is Angular Vein a Reliable Spatial Landmark?

Chintamani,

doi:10.1007/s13193-011-0056-8

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…It is also recommended to stay below the superior most IBN in order not to interfere with the lymphatic drainage of the upper extremity. Keeping dissection below the superior most IBN has been observed in various studies to be associated with lower incidence of upper limb lymphedema [4][5][6]. If one decides to sacrifice the intercostobrachial nerves, it is recommended that a cold knife rather than diathermy should be used to prevent postoperative neuralgia (Fig.…”

Section: Commandment-7-intercosto-brachial Nerves (Ibn)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Angular vein is a reliable spatial landmark of the lower limit of axillary dissection. The author has used this landmark in a large number of cases and found it to be constant and reliable in location [5]. Fig.…”

Section: Commandment-7-intercosto-brachial Nerves (Ibn)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13) It is mandatory to achieve, revisit, and demonstrate the anatomical end points of axillary dissection to the surgical assistants as a part of routine surgical protocol. The medial limit of axillary dissection is the Halstead's ligament, upper limit being the axillary vein, the thoracodorsal pedicle is the lateral limit and angular vein may be considered the lower limit [5].…”

Section: Commandment-8-reaching the Lateral And Lower Limit Of Axillamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ten Commandments of Safe and Optimum Mastectomy for Breast Cancer

Chintamani

2014

Indian J Surg

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Section: Commandment-7-intercosto-brachial Nerves (Ibn)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Commandment-7-intercosto-brachial Nerves (Ibn)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Commandment-8-reaching the Lateral And Lower Limit Of Axillamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ten Commandments of Safe and Optimum Mastectomy for Breast Cancer

Chintamani

2014

Indian J Surg

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Extent of Axillary Dissection: How Far Down Should We Dissect?

et al. 2022

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Long-term morbidity post level III lymph nodal dissection in cancer breast patient: Institutional experience

Dwivedi,

Dinker,

Kumar

et al. 2024

Journal of Dr. YSR University of Health Sciences

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Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the commonest cancers worldwide in females with a variable rate of incidences across countries and regions. The extent of axillary dissection has now been restricted to lower levels, i.e., Level I and II; however, there are certain instances where level III lymph nodal (LN) dissection is performed. NCCN 1.2022 for breast cancer management suggests level III LN dissection if gross disease is detected during axillary dissection. Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) itself could lead to various complications which could be classified as early or late. Early sequelae include post-operative pain, neuralgia, hematoma, or seroma formation while late sequelae include upper limb lymphedema, restriction of arm movements, fibrosis, and contractures of the shoulder joint and shoulder girdle muscles, reduced muscle strength in the limb and shoulder or winging of the scapula. Methods: A prospective observational study was performed at a single tertiary care center where 70 consecutive breast carcinoma patients who underwent level III ALND were followed up for two years for their disabilities. Results: In our patient subset, most of the patients belonged to stage IIB. Patients were followed up among whom lymphedema was the predominant symptom which was seen in approximately 25% of the clientele and persisted even at the end of 24 months. Pain and shoulder stiffness rapidly recovered over time with minimal disability. Conclusion: Those patients who are considered for level III LN dissection should be counselled about the increased risk of associated disability especially ipsilateral lymphedema, which is most evident after one year.

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Optimum Axillary Dissection in Breast Cancer—is Angular Vein a Reliable Spatial Landmark?

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Ten Commandments of Safe and Optimum Mastectomy for Breast Cancer

Ten Commandments of Safe and Optimum Mastectomy for Breast Cancer

Extent of Axillary Dissection: How Far Down Should We Dissect?

Long-term morbidity post level III lymph nodal dissection in cancer breast patient: Institutional experience

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