Optimizing water use.

Turner, N.; Nösberger, J.; Geiger, H. H.; Struik, P.C.

doi:10.1079/9780851995304.0119

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…CY WU WUE HI = × × WU or evapotranspiration includes crop transpiration and soil evaporation. Accordingly, CY in dry environments can be improved by increasing: (1) the capacity to capture more water, either through improving soil water uptake ability or decreasing soil evaporation; (2) the ability to produce more dry matter per unit of water used; and (3) the ability to deliver more assimilates into economic yield (Turner 2001;Araus et al 2002). None of these components is completely independent, and improvement in any of the components could potentially increase CY (Araus et al 2002;Richards et al 2002;Condon et al 2004;Tambussi et al 2007).…”

Section: Breeding For Improved Wuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…WU or evapotranspiration includes crop transpiration and soil evaporation. Accordingly, CY in dry environments can be improved by increasing: (1) the capacity to capture more water, either through improving soil water uptake ability or decreasing soil evaporation; (2) the ability to produce more dry matter per unit of water used; and (3) the ability to deliver more assimilates into economic yield (Turner 2001; Araus et al . 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gene discovery in cereals through quantitative trait loci and expression analysis in water‐use efficiency measured by carbon isotope discrimination

Chen

Chang

Anyia

2011

Plant Cell & Environment

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Drought continues to be a major constraint on cereal production in many areas, and the frequency of drought is likely to increase in most arid and semi-arid regions under future climate change scenarios. Considerable research and breeding efforts have been devoted to investigating crop responses to drought at various levels and producing drought-resistant genotypes. Plant physiology has provided new insights to yield improvement in drought-prone environments. Crop performance could be improved through increases in water use, water-use efficiency (WUE) and harvest index. Greater WUE can be achieved by coordination between photosynthesis and transpiration. Carbon isotope discrimination (D 13C) has been demonstrated to be a simple but reliable measure of WUE, and negative correlation between them has been used to indirectly estimate WUE under selected environments. New tools, such as quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and gene expression profiling, are playing vital roles in dissecting drought resistance-related traits. The combination of gene expression and association mapping could help identify candidate genes underlying the QTL of interest and complement map-based cloning and markerassisted selection. Eventually, improved cultivars can be produced through genetic engineering. Future efficient and effective breeding progress in cereals under targeted drought environments will come from the integrated knowledge of physiology and genomics.

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Section: Breeding For Improved Wuementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene discovery in cereals through quantitative trait loci and expression analysis in water‐use efficiency measured by carbon isotope discrimination

Chen

Chang

Anyia

2011

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…Maize ( Zea mays ) is a very important highland crop in south Asia, grown primarily under rainfed smallholder conditions. Yields are generally low in the dry season due to moisture stress which is considered the most limiting factor for tropical crop production (Turner 2001). However, as inclusion of organic matter could enhance soil moisture retention and improve soil characteristics, the process could also promote crop establishment and early growth of crop plants and minimize losses through wilting and death – a common problem faced in tropical rainfed farming systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root and Shoot Growth of Maize (Zea mays) as Affected by Incorporation of Crotalaria juncea and Tithonia diversifolia as Green Manures

Sangakkara¹,

Liedgens²,

Soldati³

et al. 2004

J Agronomy Crop Science

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Crop establishment, determined by shoot and root growth during early growth is a vital component in procuring desired plant populations and high yields in rainfed tropical smallholder farming systems, where green manures help maintain soil fertility and sustainability. As green manure incorporation could affect early seedling growth, studies were conduced in a plant house using soils from fields, to evaluate the impact of incorporating two popular tropical green manures (Crotalaria juncea and Tithonia diversifolia) into soil under rainfed field conditions over 3 years, on selected physico-chemical properties of the soils and on establishment and early shoot and root growth of maize (Zea mays), with and without inorganic fertilizers. In a given year, green manure was grown in one season while maize was grown in the other. A soil that did not receive green manures but was left fallow during the period of green manure cultivation was used as the control treatment. The incorporation of green manures over the 3 years showed trends of increasing soil physical properties, and also the available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents. Incorporation of Crotalaria, with its higher nitrogen content, promoted shoot growth, while Tithonia induced the development of an extended root system. The use of inorganic fertilizers stimulated the beneficial impact of the green manures in promoting shoot and root growth. The use of green manures, especially Tithonia, promoted the development of seminal and nodal roots of maize seedlings, both in the form of length and thickness (based on root surface area) and root length densities, which could assist in successful crop establishment and resource utilization, rather than primary roots. The benefits of using green manures, especially Tithonia, in promoting root growth and Crotalaria in shoot development of maize seedlings even without inorganic fertilizers is presented.

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“…This again could be attributed to the more conducive environment of the major season, which could reduce the short-term impact of the green manures due to the availability of soil moisture, which is the most limiting environmental factor in the tropics (Turner, 2000). However, the significant interaction between season and fallow in terms of RGR suggests that Crotalaria, which has a lower C:N ratio, promotes the vegetative growth of maize to a greater extent in the minor season.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Impact of improved fallow periods on soil properties and productivity of maize ( Zea mays L.) in major and minor seasons of Asian humid tropics

Sangakkara

Stamp

2008

Acta Agronomica Hungarica

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Improved fallows are considered an easy, low cost and suitable method of increasing the productivity and sustainability of smallholder tropical rainfed cropping systems, although most farmers allow weeds to grow when the environmental conditions are not conducive for crop production. Field studies were carried out over the minor and major seasons, to evaluate the impact of a preceding improved fallow using Crotalaria or Tithonia, two popular tropical green manures, on selected soil properties, and on the growth and yield of maize. Improved fallows enhanced chemical soil properties significantly and the impact was most prominent at the onset of the minor maize season. Thus, the growth and yield of maize was also increased to a greater extent in this season, when yields are generally lower due to the suboptimal climatic conditions of lower rainfall and higher temperatures. However, fallows in the minor season also improved soil characteristics and maize yields in the major season, the most significant impact being increased seed yields and harvest indices. Although farmers may not grow fallow crops in major seasons, the potential of these green manure fallows in increasing maize yields in minor seasons and possible strategies to include the fallows in the cropping sequences of tropical rainfed upland cropping systems are discussed on the basis of this field study.

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Optimizing water use.

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Gene discovery in cereals through quantitative trait loci and expression analysis in water‐use efficiency measured by carbon isotope discrimination

Gene discovery in cereals through quantitative trait loci and expression analysis in water‐use efficiency measured by carbon isotope discrimination

Root and Shoot Growth of Maize (Zea mays) as Affected by Incorporation of Crotalaria juncea and Tithonia diversifolia as Green Manures

Impact of improved fallow periods on soil properties and productivity of maize ( Zea mays L.) in major and minor seasons of Asian humid tropics

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