“…Several techniques have been employed to remove phosphates from wastewater such as coagulationocculation (CF), crystallization, adsorption or magnetic separation (Gong and Zhao, 2014; Lai et al 2020); however, the CF process is the leading technology for removing phosphates from wastewater (Morse et al 1998; Sibiya et al 2022); mainly due to its easy operation, relatively simple design, low cost and high e ciency (Ozairi et al 2020;Sakhi et al 2020). Coagulation consists of adding an agent, commonly trivalent metal ions or polymerized species to the wastewater to form micro-ocs that are generated by rapid mixing (Watanabe, 2017;Mahmoudabadi et al 2022;Okolo et al 2021). After that, Flocculation, also involves adding a chemical specie, mainly synthetic or organic polymers, so that the primary particles created in the coagulation process, form aggregates that will have a considerable volume and weight that can later be separated from the water through a sedimentation process (Al-Risheq et al 2022; Singh and Kumar, 2020).…”