Optimizing Transportation between Sea Ports and Regions by Road Transport and Rail and Inland Waterway Transport Means Including “Last Mile” Solutions

Abstract

Optimization transportation cargo and passengers between ports and regions are very important, because industrial regions are located some distance from ports. The demand for energy request for the movement of transport is a necessity in the modern world. Transport and activity called transportation are used daily, everywhere, and a lot of energy is needed to power the various transport modes. Today different transport modes are being used to transport passengers and cargo. It is quite common to use road transport, which can transport passengers and cargo from door to door. Considering alternative possibilities (road, railway and/or inland waterway transport), it is important, based on theoretical and experimentation, to identify optimal solutions. In finding transport modes that are either most technically or economically effective, we could unearth possible solutions which would require minimal energy use. Unfortunately, with increased transportation, this often leads to traffic congestion on the roads, which requires additional energy (fuel). This situation generates requirements from many stakeholders in terms of finding ways to decrease the transportation time and energy (fuel) consumed by transport modes. A theoretical method evaluation is conducted on the optimal transportation possibility that minimizes transportation time and energy (fuel) use by employing graph theory, which is presented in this paper. The scientific contribution is the development of a transport modes comparative index, which is then used for evaluations. This paper presents possible alternative transportation conditions based on a multi-criteria evaluation system, proposes a theoretical basis for the optimal solutions from an eco-economic perspective that considers energy, and provides for experimental testing during a specific case study. The final results from the case study provide recommendations and conclusions.

Liquefied Natural Gas Logistics Management Through Optimal Road-Rail Intermodal Logistics Planning Considering Community Safety

“…The aim of optimization studies is to propose an optimal solution of the problem. Indeed, optimization studies allow to formulate the problem using various mathematical models, depending on the problem characteristics; for example, linear programming (Raharjo & Sudibandriyo, 2019;Utku & Soyöz, 2020), integer linear programming (Budiyanto et al, 2020), mixed integer linear programming (Andersson et al, 2015;Bittante et al, 2018), integer nonlinear programming (Paulauskas et al, 2022;Zhao et al, 2022), and mixed integer nonlinear programming (Atmayudha et al, 2021;Sangaiah et al, 2020). The optimal solution or local optimal solution is determined by optimization techniques such as branch-and-bound and metaheuristic, depending on the size and complexity of the problem.…”

“…Single transportation implies the use of only one mode in transportation (Andersson et al, 2015;Atmayudha et al, 2021;Bittante et al, 2018;Budiyanto et al, 2020;Jianhua & Zhenghua, 2012;Kanda, 2006;Raharjo & Sudibandriyo, 2019;Sangaiah et al, 2020;Zhao et al, 2022). Intermodal transportation employs various transportation modes, serviced by different carriers under multicontracts (Breuer et al, 2022;Buyanova & Mudrova, 2019;Hariraj & Ramanath, 2016;Hart & Morrison, 2015;Palestini & Sassu, 2021;Paulauskas et al, 2022;Rayed et al, 2023;Songbandid, 2016;Utku & Soyöz, 2020;Vasilevich et al, 2016). Instead, various transportation modes serviced by single carrier under one contract are referred to as multimodal transportation.…”

“…Hart and Morrison (2015), Buyanova and Mudrova (2019), Palestini andSassu (2021), andSongbandid (2016) explored intermodal transportation (i.e., transportation by two or more different specific modes by different carriers). Lastly, Breuer et al (2022), Hariraj and Ramanath (2016), Paulauskas et al (2022), Rayed et al (2023), Utku andSoyöz (2020), andVasilevich et al (2016) researched multimodal transportation (i.e., transportation by two or more different specific modes by only one carrier).…”

“…However, the main factors used for making a decision are contracts and alternatives of the facility. Moreover, the authors found the full, partial, and a mix of full and partial capacity constraints only in optimization studies (Andersson et al, 2015;Atmayudha et al, 2021;Bittante et al, 2018;Budiyanto et al, 2020;Paulauskas et al, 2022;Raharjo & Sudibandriyo, 2019;Sangaiah et al, 2020;Utku & Soyöz, 2020;Zhao et al, 2022).…”

“…Thus, the damage radius criterion is the most suitable among the three criteria to address safety around DCs, since society has been a very important issue, so far. Noticeably, some studies did not consider community safety, probably because they considered LNG is less hazardous than fuel oil and LPG (Andersson et al, 2015;Atmayudha et al, 2021;Bittante et al, 2018;Breuer et al, 2022;Budiyanto et al, 2020;Buyanova & Mudrova, 2019;Palestini & Sassu, 2021;Paulauskas et al, 2022;Raharjo & Sudibandriyo, 2019;Sangaiah et al, 2020;Utku & Soyöz, 2020;Vasilevich et al, 2016;Zhao et al, 2022).…”