Optimizing Translation of Health Research into Practice: A systematic review of reviews

Abstract

Rationale, Aims, and Objectives Effective translation of knowledge that is generated from health research into clinical practice has the potential to enhance the quality of care, health services delivery, and its cost-effectiveness. Critical barriers limiting translation of health research into practice are embedded both at the individual and the organizational level. An understanding of the embedded facilitators and barriers will enable findings from health research to be implemented into practice in a timely way. This systematic review aims to synthesize evidence from existing reviews about barriers and facilitators that influence the uptake of health research findings into clinical practice. Method A systematic review was conducted by following PRISMA guidelines. The PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Sciences, and CINAHL databases were searched to identify review papers published from inception to February 2020. The innovative care for chronic conditions was the analytical framework for data analysis. Results The search yielded ten publications. Translation of new evidence was limited predominantly by individual-related issues and less frequently organizational factors. Inadequate knowledge and skills of individuals to conduct, organize, utilize, and appraise research literature, and lack of resources were the primary individual and organizational challenges. This review also discloses mistrust by policymakers about the potential of research to translate into practice, affecting both the development of health policies and also systematic public investments for research programs. A sizable proportion of mistrust by the policymakers stems from their lack of knowledge for understanding research methods and limited skills in comparing research outcomes. To circumvent this barrier, identification and partnering with policymakers and health professionals at all stages of the research process, is critical. Conclusions Despite the challenges affecting the translation of research into practice, utilization of research evidence is critical to improving health services delivery and outcomes.