Optimizing the use of the PHYTOTOXKIT test to assess the toxicity of soil contaminated with creosote

Kucaj, Wojciech Filip; Rygielski, Kacper; Cybulska, Krystyna

doi:10.17951/pjss.2019.52.1.153

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In the case of soils BF, contaminated with heavy metals, TPHs and PAHs, the phytoremediation process caused an increase in the amount of germinated seeds in Soil BFPh-6 in the ranges of 54.9–66.9% to 90.4–96.7% and decreases in the inhibition of root growth from 49.8–58.7% to 19.7–27.8%. Phytotoxkit TM is a test used in toxicological monitoring by many researchers [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 63 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from determining toxicant concentration, the effectiveness of applied phytoremediation procedures in soil purification process was assessed based on toxicological test results. Soil samples were analysed using 4 microbiotests: (Phytotoxkit TM ) [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 56 ], Ostracodtoxkit F TM [ 6 , 50 ], (Microtox ® STP) [ 48 , 49 , 51 ] and MARA [ 54 , 55 , 56 , 65 ]. The tests were performed according to standard procedures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bio-indicators usually used in bio-tests belong in principle to main groups of organisms, such as bacteria, invertebrates and more complex plants. In the toxicological monitoring of remediated soils, a set of tests have been used which comprised the following tests: Microtox ® Solid Phase SPT [ 48 , 49 ] test of direct contact Ostracodtoxkit F™ [ 6 , 50 ], phytotoxicity test Phytotoxkit F™ [ 51 , 52 , 53 ] and microbiological assay for risk assessment test (MARA) [ 54 , 55 , 56 ]. These tests use organisms which are dormant or inactivated (forms of crypto-biotics) and which—after termination of the whole procedure—can be used to determine the degree of toxicity (e.g., of soils).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the Suitability of Melilotus officinalis for Phytoremediation of Soil Contaminated with Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH and PAH), Zn, Pb and Cd Based on Toxicological Tests

Steliga¹,

Kluk²

2021

Toxics

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The article presents issues related to the possibility of using toxicological tests as a tool to monitor the progress of soil treatment contaminated with petroleum substances (TPH, PAH), Zn, Pb and Cd in bio-phytoremediation processes. In order to reduce the high content of petroleum pollutants (TPH = 56,371 mg kg−1 dry mass, PAH = 139.3 mg kg−1 dry mass), the technology of stepwise soil treatment was applied, including basic bioremediation and inoculation with biopreparations based of indigenous non-pathogenic species of bacteria, fungi and yeasts. As a result of basic bioremediation in laboratory conditions (ex-situ method), the reduction of petroleum pollutants TPH by 33.9% and PAH by 9.5% was achieved. The introduction of inoculation with biopraparation-1 prepared on the basis of non-pathogenic species of indigenous bacteria made it possible to reduce the TPH content by 86.3%, PAH by 40.3%. The use of a biopreparation-1 enriched with indigenous non-pathogenic species of fungi and yeasts in the third series of inoculation increased to an increase in the degree of biodegradation of aliphatic hydrocarbons with long carbon chains and PAH by a further 28.9%. In the next stage of soil treatment after biodegradation processes, which was characterized by an increased content of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd) and naphthalene, chrysene, benzo(a)anthracene and benzo(ghi)perylene belonging to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phytoremediation with the use of Melilotus officinalis was applied. After the six-month phytoremediation process, the following was achieved: Zn content by 25.1%, Pb by 27.9%, Cd by 23.2% and TPH by 42.2% and PAH by 49.9%. The rate of removal of individual groups of hydrocarbons was in the decreasing order: C12–C18 > C6–C12 > C18–C25 > C25–C36. PAHs tended to be removed in the following order: chrysene > naphthalene > benzo(a)anthracene > benzo(ghi)perylene. The TF and BCF coefficients were calculated to assess the capacity of M. officinalis to accumulate metal in tissues, uptake from soil and transfer from roots to shoots. The values of TF translocation coefficients were, respectively, for Zn (0.44), Pb (0.12), Cd (0.40). The calculated BCF concentration factors (BCFroots > BCFshoots) show that heavy metals taken up by M. officinalis are mainly accumulated in the root tissues in the following order Zn > Pb > Cd, revealing a poor metal translocation from the root to the shoots. This process was carried out in laboratory conditions for a period of 6 months. The process of phytoremediation of contaminated soil using M. officinalis assisted with fertilization was monitored by means of toxicological tests: Microtox, Ostracodtoxkit FTM, MARA and PhytotoxkitTM. The performed phytotoxicity tests have indicated variable sensitivity of the tested plants on contaminants occurring in the studied soils, following the sequence: Lepidium sativum < Sorghum saccharatum < Sinapis alba. The sensitivity of toxicological tests was comparable and increased in the order: MARA < Ostracodtoxkit FTM < Microtox. The results of the toxicological monitoring as a function of the time of soil treatment, together with chemical analyses determining the content of toxicants in soil and biomass M. officinalis, clearly confirmed the effectiveness of the applied concept of bioremediation of soils contaminated with zinc, lead and cadmium in the presence of petroleum hydrocarbons.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the Suitability of Melilotus officinalis for Phytoremediation of Soil Contaminated with Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH and PAH), Zn, Pb and Cd Based on Toxicological Tests

Steliga¹,

Kluk²

2021

Toxics

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“…It is important to carry out soil toxicity tests due to the possibility of toxic compound formation, which arises as a result of the microbiological transformation of waste organic matter. In order to monitor the soil environment in this respect, it is recommended to use biotests, e.g., a phytotest using Lepidium sativum L. [17,18]. L. sativum L. has been repeatedly used as a bio-indicator to determine the effects of various chemical compounds, including those of waste origin, on plant germination and growth [19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Agricultural Management of Spent Mushroom Waste on Phytotoxicity and Microbiological Transformations of C, P, and S in Soil and Their Consequences for the Greenhouse Effect

Kwiatkowska

Joniec

2022

IJERPH

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The huge volumes of currently generated agricultural waste pose a challenge to the economy of the 21st century. One of the directions for their reuse may be as fertilizer. Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) could become an alternative to manure (M). A three-year field experiment was carried out, in which the purpose was to test and compare the effect of SMS alone, as well as in multiple variants with mineral fertilization, and in manure with a variety of soil quality indices—such as enzymatic activity, soil phytotoxicity, and greenhouse gas emissions, i.e., CO2. The use of SMS resulted in significant stimulation of respiratory and dehydrogenase activity. Inhibition of acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase activity via SMS was recorded. SMS showed varying effects on soil phytotoxicity, dependent on time. A positive effect was noted for the growth index (GI), while inhibition of root growth was observed in the first two years of the experiment. The effect of M on soil respiratory and dehydrogenase activity was significantly weaker compared to SMS. Therefore, M is a safer fertilizer as it does not cause a significant persistent increase in CO2 emissions. Changes in the phytotoxicity parameters of the soil fertilized with manure, however, showed a similar trend as in the soil fertilized with SMS.

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Optimizing the use of the PHYTOTOXKIT test to assess the toxicity of soil contaminated with creosote

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Assessment of the Suitability of Melilotus officinalis for Phytoremediation of Soil Contaminated with Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH and PAH), Zn, Pb and Cd Based on Toxicological Tests

Assessment of the Suitability of Melilotus officinalis for Phytoremediation of Soil Contaminated with Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH and PAH), Zn, Pb and Cd Based on Toxicological Tests

Effects of Agricultural Management of Spent Mushroom Waste on Phytotoxicity and Microbiological Transformations of C, P, and S in Soil and Their Consequences for the Greenhouse Effect

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