Optimizing the Required Cathodic Protection Current for Pre-Buried Pipelines Using Electrochemical Acceleration Methods

Chung, Nguyen-Thuy; Hong, Min-Sung; Kim, Jung-Gu

doi:10.3390/ma14030579

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…External corrosion can occur on the exterior surface of the pipe due to degradation of the HDPE pipe and subsequent penetration of groundwater [ 15 , 16 ]. Table 1 and Table 2 present the chemical composition of the DH water inside of the pipe and the synthetic groundwater outside of the pipe, respectively [ 15 , 17 ]. In DH systems, the design service life of a low-carbon steel pipe is 40 years; however, the pipe observed in this study failed after only 6 years of operation [ 1 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localized Corrosion Occurrence in Low-Carbon Steel Pipe Caused by Microstructural Inhomogeneity

Lee

Kim

et al. 2022

Materials

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In this study, the cause of failure of a low-carbon steel pipe meeting standard KS D 3562 (ASTM A135), in a district heating system was investigated. After 6 years of operation, the pipe failed prematurely due to pitting corrosion, which occurred both inside and outside of the pipe. Pitting corrosion occurred more prominently outside the pipe than inside, where water quality is controlled. The analysis indicated that the pipe failure occurred due to aluminum inclusions and the presence of a pearlite inhomogeneous phase fraction. Crevice corrosion occurred in the vicinity around the aluminum inclusions, causing localized corrosion. In the large pearlite fraction region, cementite in the pearlite acted as a cathode to promote dissolution of surrounding ferrite. Therefore, in the groundwater environment outside of the pipe, localized corrosion occurred due to crevice corrosion by aluminum inclusions, and localized corrosion was accelerated by the large fraction of pearlite around the aluminum inclusions, leading to pipe failure.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localized Corrosion Occurrence in Low-Carbon Steel Pipe Caused by Microstructural Inhomogeneity

Lee

Kim

et al. 2022

Materials

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“…A significant part of research on electrochemical protection is related to the development of mathematical models for calculating and optimizing the operation parameters of electrochemical protection facilities. The authors in [1] were devoted to the study of corrosion processes in metal pipelines, and as a result, an empirical logarithmic equation was obtained for the optimal current value of the cathode station, taking into account the operating time of the pipeline system. In [2], a simulation of the distribution of the protective potential along the pipeline route was carried out using COMSOL software, and features of the regulation of the required current in various zones of cathodic protection were analyzed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Integrated Automation of the Electrochemical Corrosion Protection System of Pipelines Based on IoT and Big Data Analytics

Prokhorov

Khussanov

et al. 2022

Computation

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This article is devoted to the issues of creating an adaptive intelligent system, for monitoring and controlling the technological process for electrochemical corrosion protection of main pipelines (MP), which has been designed for remote control of electrochemical protection (EChP) parameters and their optimization as well as adaptive control of the parameters of cathodic protection stations while taking into account changes in external conditions. The multi-objective problem of optimizing the operating modes of cathodic protection stations (CPS) is considered because optimization is carried out according to both the criterion of optimal distribution of the protective potential (uniform distribution of the protective total (pipe-to-soil) potential along the length of the pipeline) and to the criterion of the minimum total protective current of stations. The structure of the distributed electrochemical protection system is described in the article. A more complete picture of the protection of the pipeline and solving the problems of optimizing the electrochemical protection modes in real time is possible due to remote monitoring of control and measuring points (CMP) in the middle of the pipeline between neighboring cathodic protection stations, as well as in all corrosion and hazardous zones where they are also installed. In addition to the often-used GSM/GPRS networks in electrochemical protection systems, an energy-efficient LPWAN (Low-Power Wide-Area Network) data transmission network is also used and data collection is carried out using a cloud IoT platform. The functionality of the system is described, web application screens are shown in various operating modes for remote monitoring and control of the protective parameters of cathodic protection stations is reported. Analytical data processing for the tasks assessing the protection of objects in the pipeline system against corrosion are also shown. The system ensures that the electrochemical protection process is maintained at an optimal level between the destructive zones of “underprotection” and “overprotection”, taking into account monitoring data, geological conditions at the pipeline site, climatic or seasonal changes and other factors. In general, this system provides an increase in the reliability of the electrochemical protection system as a whole and, accordingly, it prevents possible emergency situations on the pipeline system while also reducing the cost of pipeline maintenance due to the reliability and continuity of protection.

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“…The factors influencing soil corrosion include soil components, moisture content, temperature, resistivity, differential aeration, soil type, permeability, and the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Due to the complexities of its environment, soil corrosion is not easy to study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Influence of the Combination of pH, Chloride, and Sulfate on the Corrosion Behavior of Pipeline Steel in Soil Using Response Surface Methodology

Chung

Kim

et al. 2021

Materials

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External damage to buried pipelines is mainly caused by corrosive components in soil solution. The reality that numerous agents are present in the corrosive environment simultaneously makes it troublesome to study. To solve that issue, this study aims to determine the influence of the combination of pH, chloride, and sulfate by using a statistical method according to the design of experiment (DOE). Response surface methodology (RSM) using the Box–Behnken design (BBD) was selected and applied to the design matrix for those three factors. The input corrosion current density was evaluated by electrochemical tests under variable conditions given in the design matrix. The output of this method is an equation that calculates the corrosion current density as a function of pH, chloride, and sulfate concentration. The level of influence of each factor on the corrosion current density was investigated and response surface plots, contour plots of each factor were created in this study.

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Optimizing the Required Cathodic Protection Current for Pre-Buried Pipelines Using Electrochemical Acceleration Methods

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Localized Corrosion Occurrence in Low-Carbon Steel Pipe Caused by Microstructural Inhomogeneity

Localized Corrosion Occurrence in Low-Carbon Steel Pipe Caused by Microstructural Inhomogeneity

Complete Integrated Automation of the Electrochemical Corrosion Protection System of Pipelines Based on IoT and Big Data Analytics

Evaluation of the Influence of the Combination of pH, Chloride, and Sulfate on the Corrosion Behavior of Pipeline Steel in Soil Using Response Surface Methodology

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