Optimizing the pterional approach in medial sphenoid wing meningioma: a detailed morphometric study on anterior clinoidectomy and its effect on operability score

Abstract

Background Medial sphenoid wing meningiomas are best treated through pterional craniotomy, as pterional craniotomy provides wide and multidirectional exposure of the anterior and middle cranial fossa. Anterior clinoidectomy can increase the exposure potential. To delineate the role of anterior clinoidectomy (AC) in the standard pterional craniotomy approach through the evaluation of operability score measures (manoeuvrability arc, depth of surgical field, and surgical angle of attack). All patients with inner sphenoidal wing meningioma who underwent microsurgical excision between February 2022 and October 2023 were enrolled in the study. Preoperative and postoperative imaging studies (MR contrast studies and 3D thin-slice CT scans of the brain) were performed to determine the tumour size, extent, and pattern of optic canal involvement by comparing pre- and postoperative operability score parameters. Results Twenty-five patients met our inclusion criteria: 2 males (8%) and 23 females (92%). The mean age (SD) was 49.08 ± 6.42 years, with an age range of 39–60 years. The preoperative visual manifestations were as follows: eight patients (32%) had mild visual impairment, five patients (20%) had moderate visual impairment, six patients (24%) had severe visual impairment, and five patients (20%) had blindness. There was a significant positive correlation between the operability score and extent of resection (gross total resection was correlated with a higher operability score) (r = 0.301, n = 25, p = 0.005). Conclusions A well-planned manoeuvrable arc allows neurosurgeons to perform surgery with precision, ultimately impacting surgical outcomes and the potential for complete tumour removal with minimal patient morbidity.