Optimizing the formation of depth-confined nitrogen vacancy center spin ensembles in diamond for quantum sensing

Eichhorn, Tim; McLellan, Claire A.; Jayich, Ania

doi:10.1103/physrevmaterials.3.113802

Cited by 33 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In summary, electron irradiation is preferred to create NV − ensembles optimized for sensing applications (Uedono et al, 1999;Campbell et al, 2002;Twitchen, Geoghegan, and Perkins, 2010), as this method allows for evenly distributed monovacancies to be created throughout the diamond in a timely manner, with less lattice damage than alternative methods. Theoretical calculations predict that monovacancy creation requires electron energies ≳165 keV (Campbell et al, 2002), roughly consistent with experiments observing vacancy creation down to 145 keV (McLellan et al, 2016;Eichhorn, McLellan, and Jayich, 2019). Older, less reliable experiments find vacancy creation for electron irradiation along the [100] direction at 180 keV but not 170 keV (Koike, Parkin, and Mitchell, 1992).…”

Section: Electron Irradiationsupporting

confidence: 72%

Sensitivity optimization for NV-diamond magnetometry

et al. 2020

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Solid-state spin systems including nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond constitute an increasingly favored quantum sensing platform. However, present NV ensemble devices exhibit sensitivities orders of magnitude away from theoretical limits. The sensitivity shortfall both handicaps existing implementations and curtails the envisioned application space. This review analyzes present and proposed approaches to enhance the sensitivity of broadband ensemble-NV-diamond magnetometers. Improvements to the spin dephasing time, the readout fidelity, and the host diamond material properties are identified as the most promising avenues and are investigated extensively. This analysis of sensitivity optimization establishes a foundation to stimulate development of new techniques for enhancing solid-state sensor performance.

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Section: Electron Irradiationsupporting

confidence: 72%

Sensitivity optimization for NV-diamond magnetometry

et al. 2020

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“…The measured data is fit with a mono-exponential function of the form exp [−A NV bath n bath T], where A NV bath ≈ 292 kHz ppm −1 . [26] The results show that the density of P1 groups I-IV are 4.9 ± 0.15, 10.9 ± 0.25, 11.6 ± 0.19, 5.0 ± 0.15 ppm, respectively. 58, E = 0.66, and F = 0.59) suggesting a Lorentzian distributed spin bath, where the decoherence originates from one spin type.…”

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confidence: 87%

“…Since the main interest of the study is the optimization of NV density during CVD growth, we compare the NV/P1 ratios in the prepared samples A-F. Estimation of NV center density is a difficult task, and proper estimation methods are still under investigations. [19,26] The technique used to perform the NV density estimation is, similar to the one presented in ref. [19].…”

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confidence: 99%

Benchmark for Synthesized Diamond Sensors Based on Isotopically Engineered Nitrogen‐Vacancy Spin Ensembles for Magnetometry Applications

et al. 2020

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Nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) center ensemble in synthetic diamond is a promising and emerging platform for quantum sensing technologies. Realization of such a solid‐state based quantum sensor is widely studied and requires reproducible manufacturing of NV centers with controlled spin properties, including the spin bath environment within the diamond crystal. Here, a non‐invasive method is reported to benchmark NV ensembles regarding their suitability as ultra‐sensitive magnetic field sensors. Imaging and electron spin resonance techniques are presented to determine operating figures and precisely define the optimal material for NV‐driven diamond engineering. The functionality of the methods is manifested on examples of chemical vapor deposition synthesized diamond layers containing preferentially aligned, isotopically controlled 15NV center ensembles. Quantification of the limiting 15N P1 spin bath, in an otherwise 12C enriched environment, and the reduction of its influence by applying dynamical decoupling protocols, complete the suggested set of criteria for the analysis of NV ensemble with potential use as magnetometers.

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“…Shallow NVs have been produced both by direct delta-doping [201] and by low energy ion implantation [186]. Near-surface NVs can also be created by converting incorporated nitrogen through low energy electron irradiation [202].…”

Section: Controlling Nv's Distance From the Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical vapour deposition diamond single crystals with nitrogen-vacancy centres: a review of material synthesis and technology for quantum sensing applications

Achard¹,

Jacques²,

Tallaire³

2020

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Diamond is a host for a wide variety of colour centres that have demonstrated outstanding optical and spin properties. Among them, the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre is by far the most investigated owing to its superior characteristics, which promise the development of highly sophisticated quantum devices, in particular for sensing applications. Nevertheless, harnessing the potential of these centres mainly relies on the availability of high quality and purity diamond single crystals that need to be specially designed and engineered for this purpose. The plasma assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) has become a key enabling technology in this field of research. Nitrogen can indeed be directly in-situ doped into a high crystalline quality diamond matrix in a controlled way allowing the production of single isolated centres or ensembles that can potentially be integrated into a device.In this paper we will provide an overview on the requirements for synthesizing "quantum-grade" diamond films by CVD. These include the reduction of impurities and surrounding spins that limit coherence times, the control of NV density in a wide range of concentrations as well as their spatial localization within the diamond. Enhancing the charge state and preferential orientation of the colour centres is also discussed. These improvements in material fabrication have contributed to position diamond as one of the most promising solid-state quantum system and the first industrial applications in sensing are just starting to emerge.

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Optimizing the formation of depth-confined nitrogen vacancy center spin ensembles in diamond for quantum sensing

Cited by 33 publications

References 46 publications

Sensitivity optimization for NV-diamond magnetometry

Sensitivity optimization for NV-diamond magnetometry

Benchmark for Synthesized Diamond Sensors Based on Isotopically Engineered Nitrogen‐Vacancy Spin Ensembles for Magnetometry Applications

Chemical vapour deposition diamond single crystals with nitrogen-vacancy centres: a review of material synthesis and technology for quantum sensing applications

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