Optimizing Synaptic Architecture and Efficiency for High-Frequency Transmission

Taschenberger, Holger; Leão, Ricardo M.; Rowland, Kevin; Spirou, George A.; Gersdorff, Henrique von

doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)01137-6

Cited by 361 publications

(607 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…During the train, 3297 Ϯ 634 vesicles were released, on average (n ϭ 6), with 2208 Ϯ 468 vesicles released synchronously according to the above criterion. The amount of synchronous release was comparable to AP-evoked release in previous studies (Scheuss et al, 2002;Taschenberger et al, 2002). The fraction of synchronous release to total release varied among different cell pairs (50 -80% of total) (compare Figs.…”

Section: Synchronous and Asynchronous Release During A 100 Hz Train Osupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The presynaptic patch pipette contained a low Ca 2ϩ buffer (0.05 mM EGTA), and the extracellular solution contained cyclothiazide and kynurenic acid to prevent postsynaptic AMPA receptor desensitization and saturation Joshi and Wang, 2002;Scheuss et al, 2002;Taschenberger et al, 2002). In Figure 1 A, the presynaptic terminal was depolarized to ϩ40 mV for 1 ms to mimic an AP.…”

Section: Synchronous and Asynchronous Release During A 100 Hz Train Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EPSCs were evoked in response to the presynaptic Ca 2ϩ influx and had an amplitude of 2.82 Ϯ 1.06 nA (n ϭ 6). Considering that kynurenic acid blocks EPSC amplitudes by ϳ50% Scheuss et al, 2002), the (corrected) amplitude is comparable to that evoked by a single AP in an unclamped terminal (3-10 nA) (Borst et al, 1995;Schneggenburger et al, 1999;Scheuss et al, 2002;Taschenberger et al, 2002). The deconvolution method was used to estimate quantal release rates .…”

Section: Synchronous and Asynchronous Release During A 100 Hz Train Omentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Roles of the Fast-Releasing and the Slowly Releasing Vesicles in Synaptic Transmission at the Calyx of Held

Sakaba¹

2006

J. Neurosci.

121

150

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In the calyx of Held, fast and slow components of neurotransmitter release can be distinguished during a step depolarization. The two components show different sensitivity to molecular/pharmacological manipulations. Here, their roles during a high-frequency train of action potential (AP)-like stimuli were examined by using both deconvolution of EPSCs and presynaptic capacitance measurements. During a 100 Hz train of AP-like stimuli, synchronous release showed a pronounced depression within the 20 stimuli. Asynchronous release persisted during the train, was variable in its amount, and was more prominent during a 300 Hz train. We have shown previously that slowly releasing vesicles were recruited faster than fast-releasing vesicles after depletion. By further slowing recovery of the fastreleasing vesicles by inhibiting calmodulin-dependent processes (Sakaba and Neher, 2001b), the slowly releasing vesicles were isolated during recovery from vesicle depletion. When a high-frequency train was applied, the isolated slowly releasing vesicles were released predominantly asynchronously. In contrast, synchronous release was mediated mainly by the fast-releasing vesicles. The results suggest that fast-releasing vesicles contribute mainly to synchronous release and that depletion of fast-releasing vesicles shape the synaptic depression of the synchronous phase of EPSCs, whereas slowly releasing vesicles are released mainly asynchronously during highfrequency stimulation. The latter is less subject to depression presumably because of a rapid vesicular recruitment process, which is a characteristic of this component.

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Section: Synchronous and Asynchronous Release During A 100 Hz Train Osupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Synchronous and Asynchronous Release During A 100 Hz Train Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synchronous and Asynchronous Release During A 100 Hz Train Omentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Roles of the Fast-Releasing and the Slowly Releasing Vesicles in Synaptic Transmission at the Calyx of Held

Sakaba¹

2006

J. Neurosci.

121

150

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“…These properties confer unique advantages in the study of the presynaptic mechanisms of transmitter release and short-term plasticity. This model also allows us to characterize the different kinetics involved in endocytosis [13][14][15][16] .…”

Section: Capacitance Measurement At the Calyx Of Heldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptic vesicle recycling at the calyx of Held

Xue

Mei

2011

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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Efficient endocytosis is crucial for maintaining synaptic transmission because of its role in retrieving constituent membrane and associated proteins. In the past three decades three modes of endocytosis have been proposed involving the central nervous system: clathrin-mediated endocytosis, kiss-and-run endocytosis and bulk endocytosis. These forms of endocytosis can be induced under different conditions, but their detailed molecular mechanisms and functions are largely unknown. Here, we review the existence and initiation of all three modes of endocytosis at a giant glutamatergic synapse, the calyx of Held. The possibility of direct electrophysiology recording in this synapse allows for accurate tracking of exocytosis and endocytosis via capacitance measurements. Future aims will be focused on identifying the molecules that undergo the different mechanisms of endocytosis and the conditions under which different forms of endocytosis predominate.

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“…Although the onset of firing of different place cells is nicely ordered along the phase axis, the most activated place cells fire longer spike bursts than those that are less excited. This could have a strong influence on synaptic plasticity [25,26]. Spike train adaptation might, however, be important to limit the burst duration, despite increased excitation.…”

Section: Sequences Of Hippocampal Place Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coding and learning of behavioral sequences

Melamed

Gerstner

Maass

et al. 2004

Trends in Neurosciences

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A major challenge to understanding behavior is how the nervous system allows the learning of behavioral sequences that can occur over arbitrary timescales, ranging from milliseconds up to seconds, using a fixed millisecond learning rule. This article describes some potential solutions, and then focuses on a study by Mehta et al. that could contribute towards solving this puzzle. They have discovered that an experience-dependent asymmetric shape of hippocampal receptive fields combined with oscillatory inhibition can serve to map behavioral sequences on a fixed timescale.Behavioral sequences of events span several orders of magnitude of timescales. A piano player is able to play rapid scales or repetitions of a single tone at a rate of 12 or more keys per second, probably using an internal sequence of motor commands that is even faster. However, when playing a slow tune, commands are executed ten or twenty times slower. Such different temporal sequences should ideally all be learned using a synaptic learning rule that operates on a fixed neuronal timescale of milliseconds [1 -3]. How then, is learning of behavioral sequences across arbitrary timescales possible? Several studies have recently addressed this issue from different points of view, and have suggested potential solutions.Coding sequences at millisecond resolution One potential solution of the problem could be that all sequences, fast or slow, are in fact stored and retrieved at a millisecond resolution. Synfire chains (SFC) [4] -dominantly feedforward multi-layered architecture (chains) in which spiking activity can propagate in a synchronous wave of neuronal firing (a pulse packet) from one layer of the chain to the next -provide a conceptual framework for such an approach. The chain of neuronal activity evolves on a millisecond scale and, hence, on the natural timescale of spike-time-dependent plasticity. Because all information is represented by a sequence of firing neuronal times, the SFC would automatically solve the problem of sequence learning using a fixed-timescale learning rule. The fastest behavioral sequence would be one in which each time step of the neuronal chain corresponds to one behavioral event. A slow behavioral sequence would then simply be represented by several neuronal time steps per behavioral event. The problem with such an approach is that the representation of slow sequences of events (e.g. five events in one second) is rather expensive, because it requires hundreds of transitions that need to be precisely stored in neuronal connections [4][5][6].A recent study suggested that a mechanism closely related to neuronal SFCs is implemented in the premotor area of song-birds [7]. Neurons projecting from the nucleus hyperstriatum ventralis pars caudalis (HVC) to the forebrain robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA) are active in a tight temporal sequence or 'clock'. In contrast to the SFC concept, however, each neuron emits not a single spike but a burst of three to four spikes within ,10 ms. Learning a song could then occur in the...

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Optimizing Synaptic Architecture and Efficiency for High-Frequency Transmission

Cited by 361 publications

References 87 publications

Roles of the Fast-Releasing and the Slowly Releasing Vesicles in Synaptic Transmission at the Calyx of Held

Roles of the Fast-Releasing and the Slowly Releasing Vesicles in Synaptic Transmission at the Calyx of Held

Synaptic vesicle recycling at the calyx of Held

Coding and learning of behavioral sequences

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