Optimizing Surgical Management of Tibial Plateau Fractures: A Comparative Study of Minimally Invasive Versus Open Reduction Techniques

Abstract

Background: Tibial plateau fractures pose a significant challenge to orthopedic surgeons due to their complex nature and potential for long-term morbidity. Surgical intervention is often necessary to restore anatomical alignment and optimize functional outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) compared to open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in the management of tibial plateau fractures.Materials and methods: The present hospital-based observational study was conducted at Agartala Government Medical College for two years. Seventy adult patients with tibial plateau fractures were included, with surgical interventions performed based on fracture characteristics. Postoperative outcomes, including knee range of movements, functional recovery, and complication rates, were assessed at six months.Results: MIPPO demonstrated superior outcomes compared to ORIF, with a higher proportion of participants achieving knee range of movements > 120 degrees (66.7% versus 36%; p = 0.030), excellent functional outcomes (66.7% versus 36%; p = 0.046), and lower postoperative complication rates (2.2% versus 28%; p = 0.001). Fracture union times were significantly shorter in MIPPO (12.49 weeks) when compared to ORIF (14 weeks) (p = 0.009).Conclusion: MIPPO offers advantages over conventional ORIF in terms of functional recovery and complication rates while demonstrating comparable fracture union times. These findings advocate for the adoption of MIPPO as a preferred surgical technique for tibial plateau fractures.