Optimizing planting geometry for barley-Egyptian clover intercropping system in semi-arid sub-tropical climate

Haq, Muhammad Ikram ul; Maqbool, Muhammad Mudassar; Ali, Anwar; Farooq, Shahid; Khan, Shahbaz; Saddiq, Muhammad Sohail; Khan, Khurshied Ahmad; Ali, Syed Shahbaz; Khan, Muhammad Ifnan; Hussain, Ammar; Arif, Muhammad; Ahmad, Moeed; Tanveer, Mahwish

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0233171

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Leguminous plants can convert the unavailable N form into a useable form [ 33 ]. The comparison of CPM and PMM depicted that AN was 51.78%, 5.92%, and 15.32% lower in the 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm, and 30–40 cm layers of the intercropping system than in the peanut mono-cropping system because the of higher urease activity in CPM, which led to an increase in the NH 3 loss from soil [ 34 , 35 ]. AP in the intercropping of tea and peanut was higher in all the soil layers than the tea and peanut monoculture cropping.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercropping of Peanut–Tea Enhances Soil Enzymatic Activity and Soil Nutrient Status at Different Soil Profiles in Subtropical Southern China

Farooq

Kumar

et al. 2021

Plants

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Intercropping is one of the most widely used agroforestry techniques, reducing the harmful impacts of external inputs such as fertilizers. It also controls soil erosion, increases soil nutrients availability, and reduces weed growth. In this study, the intercropping of peanut (Arachishypogaea L.) was done with tea plants (Camellia oleifera), and it was compared with the mono-cropping of tea and peanut. Soil health and fertility were examined by analyzing the variability in soil enzymatic activity and soil nutrients availability at different soil depths (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm, and 30–40 cm). Results showed that the peanut–tea intercropping considerably impacted the soil organic carbon (SOC), soil nutrient availability, and soil enzymatic responses at different soil depths. The activity of protease, sucrase, and acid phosphatase was higher in intercropping, while the activity of urease and catalase was higher in peanut monoculture. In intercropping, total phosphorus (TP) was 14.2%, 34.2%, 77.7%, 61.9%; total potassium (TK) was 13.4%, 20%, 27.4%, 20%; available phosphorus (AP) was 52.9%, 26.56%, 61.1%; 146.15% and available potassium (AK) was 11.1%, 43.06%, 46.79% higher than the mono-cropping of tea in respective soil layers. Additionally, available nitrogen (AN) was 51.78%, 5.92%, and 15.32% lower in the 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm, and 30–40 cm layers of the intercropping system than in the mono-cropping system of peanut. Moreover, the soil enzymatic activity was significantly correlated with SOC and total nitrogen (TN) content across all soil depths and cropping systems. The depth and path analysis effect revealed that SOC directly affected sucrase, protease, urease, and catalase enzymes in an intercropping system. It was concluded that an increase in the soil enzymatic activity in the intercropping pattern improved the reaction rate at which organic matter decomposed and released nutrients into the soil environment. Enzyme activity in the decomposition process plays a vital role in forest soil morphology and function. For efficient land use in the cropping system, it is necessary to develop coherent agroforestry practices. The results in this study revealed that intercropping certainly enhance soil nutrients status and positively impacts soil conservation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercropping of Peanut–Tea Enhances Soil Enzymatic Activity and Soil Nutrient Status at Different Soil Profiles in Subtropical Southern China

Farooq

Kumar

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…However, higher weed density was observed in these crops than Egyptian-clover, which is not considered as an allelopathic crop. Egyptian-clover was sown through broadcast method, which gave weeds less space for infestation [3]. The wheat crop observed higher weed density due to the availability of more space for weed infestation compared to Egyptian-clover.…”

Section: Weed Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is generally sown in the country in different cropping systems, including cotton-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), cotton-chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cotton-mustard (Brassica nigra L.), cotton-Egyptian-clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) and cotton-lentil (Lens culinaris L.) etc. [3]. Numerous insect pests (>1000) attack cotton crop, of which lepidopterans are considered the most dangerous due to their feeding on leaves and bolls [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of transgenic (Bt) and non-transgenic (non-Bt) cotton mulches on weed dynamics, soil properties and productivity of different winter crops

et al. 2020

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The introduction of transgenic cotton (Bt-cotton) for controlling bollworms has resulted in increased production; however, the residual effects of mulches from Bt-cotton are poorly understood. Therefore, the current study evaluated the impact of Bt and non-Bt cotton mulches on soil properties, weed dynamics and yield of winter crops sown after cotton. Three different winter crops, i.e., wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), canola (Brassica napus L.) and Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) and two mulch types, i.e., Bt mulch (obtained from Bt-cotton cultivars, i.e., 'CIM-616' and 'GH-Mubarik') and non-Bt mulch (obtained from non-Bt cultivars, i.e., 'CIM-620' and 'N-414') were included in the study. The mulches were applied at a rate of 2 t ha-1 before planting the winter crops. The Bt and non-Bt mulches differentially affected soil properties, weed dynamics and productivity of winter crops. The non-Bt mulches decreased the soil bulk density and penetration resistance, while increased the soil porosity. Wheat crop increased the soil porosity, pH, available N and soil organic matter content. Overall, non-Bt mulches improved the productivity of winter crops compared with Bt mulches. The toxins released by Bt mulches lowered the weed density; however, it negatively influenced soil properties (bulk density and available nitrogen) and productivity of winter crops. Therefore, appropriate crop rotation measures may be opted for the soils cultivated with Bt-cotton to conserve soil and achieve yield sustainability for the crops sown after cotton. Nonetheless, non-Bt mulches can be used for improving soil properties and productivity of winter crops.

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“…In our studies, mulching did not significantly increase the yield of winter wheat. Recent studies suggest that in order to improve the efficiency of plant resource use, optimizing planting geometry for cereal–forage legume intercropping systems is required [ 53 ]. Cooper et al [ 21 ] stated that using inversion tillage to a shallow depth is the most suitable for organic farming as it reduces yields (5.5%) marginally, but it significantly increases soil carbon stocks and controls the spread of weeds better.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Content and Grain Yields of Organically Grown Cereals as Affected by a Strip Tillage and Forage Legume Intercropping

Arlauskienė

Gecaitė

Toleikienė

et al. 2021

Plants

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Reducing tillage intensity and increasing crop diversity by including perennial legumes is an agrotechnical practice that strongly affects the soil environment. Strip tillage may be beneficial in the forage legume–cereals intercropping system due to more efficient utilization of biological nitrogen. Field experiments were conducted on a clay loam Cambisol to determine the effect of forage legume–winter wheat strip tillage intercropping on soil nitrate nitrogen (N-NO3) content and cereal productivity in various sequences of rotation in organic production systems. Forage legumes (Medicago lupulina L., Trifolium repens L., T. alexandrinum L.) grown in pure and forage legume–winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) strip tillage intercrops were studied. Conventional deep inversion tillage was compared to strip tillage. Nitrogen supply to winter wheat was assessed by the change in soil nitrate nitrogen content (N-NO3) and total N accumulation in yield (grain and straw). Conventional tillage was found to significantly increase N-NO3 content while cultivating winter wheat after forage legumes in late autumn (0–30 cm layer), after growth resumption in spring (30–60 cm), and in autumn after harvesting (30–60 cm). Soil N-NO3 content did not differ significantly between winter wheat strip sown in perennial legumes or oat stubble. Winter wheat grain yields increased with increasing N-NO3 content in soil. The grain yield was not significantly different when comparing winter wheat–forage legume strip intercropping (without mulching) to strip sowing in oat stubble. In forage legume–winter wheat strip intercropping, N release from legumes was weak and did not meet wheat nitrogen requirements.

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Optimizing planting geometry for barley-Egyptian clover intercropping system in semi-arid sub-tropical climate

Cited by 14 publications

References 26 publications

Intercropping of Peanut–Tea Enhances Soil Enzymatic Activity and Soil Nutrient Status at Different Soil Profiles in Subtropical Southern China

Intercropping of Peanut–Tea Enhances Soil Enzymatic Activity and Soil Nutrient Status at Different Soil Profiles in Subtropical Southern China

The influence of transgenic (Bt) and non-transgenic (non-Bt) cotton mulches on weed dynamics, soil properties and productivity of different winter crops

Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Content and Grain Yields of Organically Grown Cereals as Affected by a Strip Tillage and Forage Legume Intercropping

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