Optimizing Health: Improving the Value of Healthcare Delivery

Abstract

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Development of the nursing profession: From nursing angel to patient advocate

“…There was no method in health care to balance all the costs (not only monetary) and the consequences (values), just as were neither alternatives for action on the part of the patient nor of the perspective of society. [25] CLINECS bridges the objectives of the quality of the Donabedian triad (structure, process, and result) and the clinicaleconomic perspectives of other disciplines. In this scope, the patient's perspective is considered, which is a fundamental requirement of the concept; CLINECS means applying economic principles to the health services-with the caveat that the meaning of the word "economic" is not employed in the sense of gaining profit.…”

Benefits and Risks of Breast Cancer Screening

“…Hence, there are two perspectives which may be used to balance input and output or costs and consequences or harm and benefit in healthcare. Health economy (HE) considers the societal perspective of an economic analysis in healthcare while the science of clinical economics (CE) considers the individual perspective of an economic analysis in healthcare [11,12,13]. …”