Optimized trigger for ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray and neutrino observations with the low frequency radio array

Singh, K.; Mevius, M.; Scholten, Olaf; Anderson, J. M.; Ardenne, A. van; Arts, M.; Avruch, M.; Asgekar, A.; Bell, M. E.; Bennema, P.; Bentum, Marinus Jan; Bernadi, G.; Best, P. N.; Boonstra, Albert‐Jan; Bregman, J. D.; Brink, R. van de; Broekema, Chris; Brouw, W. N.; Brueggen, M.; Buitink, S.; Butcher, H. R.; Cappellen, W. van; Ciardi, B.; Coolen, A. H. W. M.; Damstra, S.; Dettmar, R.‐J.; Diepen, Ger van; Dijkstra, K.; Donker, P.; Doorduin, A.; Drost, M.; Duin, A. van; Eisloeffel, J.; Falcke, H.; Garrett, M. A.; Gerbers, M.; Grießmeier, Jean-Mathias; Grit, T.; Gruppen, P.; Gunst, A. W.; Haarlem, M. van; Hoeft, M.; Holties, H. A.; Hörandel, J. R.; Horneffer, L.A.; Huijgen, A.; James, C. W.; Jong, A. de; Kant, D.; Kooistra, E.; Koopman, Y.; Koopmans, L. V. E.; Küper, G.; Lambropoulos, P.; Leeuwen, J. van; Loose, M.; Maat, P.; Mallary, C.; McFadden, R.; Meulman, H.; Mol, Jan David; Morawietz, J.; Mulder, E.; Munk, H.; Nieuwenhuis, Lambert J. M.; Nijboer, R.; Norden, M. J.; Noordam, J. E.; Overeem, R.; Paas, H.; Pandey, V. N.; Pandey-Pommier, M.; Pizzo, R.; Polatidis, A. G.; Reich, W.; Reijer, J-P. de; Renting, A.; Riemers, P.; Roettgering, H.; Romein, John W.; Roosjen, J.; Ruiter, M.; Schoenmakers, A. P.; Schoonderbeek, G.; Sluman, J.; Smirnov, O.; Stappers, B. W.; Steinmetz, Matthias; Stiepel, H.-J.; Stuurwold, K. J. C.; Tagger, M.; Tang, Yuxuan; Veen, S. ter; Vermeulen, R. C.; Vos, M. de; Vogt, C.; Wal, Erik van der; Weggemans, H.; Wijnholds, Stefan J.; Wise, Michael; Wucknitz, O.; Yattawatta, S.; Zwieten, J. van

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2011.10.041

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…However, the case of SKA1-LOW differs in that the inputs and outputs of this instrument's beamformer are in the form of channelised data produced by a polyphase filter (PPF), so the PPF channelisation must be inverted to restore the original hightime-resolution signal. This inversion has been shown to be possible and adequately efficient as part of preparatory work for a proposed future NuMoon experiment with LOFAR [25].…”

Section: Pos(icrc2015)597mentioning

confidence: 99%

The lunar Askaryan technique: a technical roadmap

Bray¹,

Álvarez-Muñiz²,

Buitink³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2015)

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The lunar Askaryan technique, which involves searching for Askaryan radio pulses from particle cascades in the outer layers of the Moon, is a method for using the lunar surface as an extremely large detector of ultra-high-energy particles. The high time resolution required to detect these pulses, which have a duration of around a nanosecond, puts this technique in a regime quite different from other forms of radio astronomy, with a unique set of associated technical challenges which have been addressed in a series of experiments by various groups. Implementing the methods and techniques developed by these groups for detecting lunar Askaryan pulses will be important for a future experiment with the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), which is expected to have sufficient sensitivity to allow the first positive detection using this technique. Key issues include correction for ionospheric dispersion, beamforming, efficient triggering, and the exclusion of spurious events from radio-frequency interference. We review the progress in each of these areas, and consider the further progress expected for future application with the SKA.

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Section: Pos(icrc2015)597mentioning

confidence: 99%

The lunar Askaryan technique: a technical roadmap

Bray¹,

Álvarez-Muñiz²,

Buitink³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2015)

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“…Of course, an additional reason is the large dimensions of the existing low frequency radio telescopes. For example, the giant Low Frequency Array (LOFAR), constructed in Europe during the last decade [29] is now considered as a very high sensitive detector in RAMHAND-type experiments [30].…”

Section: Ramhand: the Past And The Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the radio astronomical method of cosmic particle detection for extremely high-energy cosmic ray physics and neutrino astronomy

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The proposal to use ground based radio telescopes for detection of Askaryan radio pulses from particle cascades arising when extremely high-energy (EHE > 10 20 eV) cosmic rays (including neutrinos) interact with the lunar regolith of multi gigaton mass was made at the end of 1980s in the framework of the Russian (Soviet) DUMAND Program. During more than a quarter of century a number of lunar experiments were carried out mainly in the 1-3 GHz frequency range using the large radio telescopes of Australia, USA, Russia and other countries but these experiments only put upper limits to the EHE cosmic rays fluxes. For this reason, it would be of great interest to search for nanosecond radio pulses from the Moon in a wider interval of frequencies (including lower ones of 100-350 MHz) with larger radio detectors -for example the giant radio telescope SKA (Square Kilometer Array) which is constructed in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. In this paper possibilities are discussed to use one of the most sensitive meter-wavelength (∼ 110 MHz) Large Phased Array (LPA) of 187 × 384 m 2 and the wide field of view meter-wavelength array of the Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory as prototypes of low frequency radio detectors for lunar experiments. The new scheme for fast simulation of ultrahigh and extremely high-energy cascades in dense media is also suggested. This scheme will be used later for calculations of radio emission of cascades in the lunar regolith with energies up to 10 20 eV and higher in the wide frequency band of 0.1− a few GHz.

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“…A poly phase filter inversion needs to be applied to data to restore this time resolution. The effect of this processing step is detailed in [17]. But since that publication, more subbands have been made available in the LOFAR system, such that all RFI-free subbands can be selected in this process.…”

Section: Pos(icrc2015)684mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this the power is added for N consecutive samples using a sliding window. This was investigated in [17], but needs to be revised now that more subbands are available, and depending on how well the TEC value can be determined. If a signal is found, a read out is requested for the same buffers used for the extensive air shower experiment.…”

Section: Pos(icrc2015)684mentioning

confidence: 99%

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NuMoon: Status of ultra high energy particle searches with LOFAR

Veen¹,

Buitink²,

Corstanje³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2015)

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The lunar Askaryan technique is one of the few ways to obtain a large enough collecting area to detect ultra high energy cosmic rays and neutrinos at the highest end of the known spectrum, above 10 21 eV. The flux of these particles is unknown, but if they are found they either point back to the best cosmic accelerators or they can be the products of the decay of exotic particles such as cosmic strings. Using the lunar Askaryan technique means searching for radio signals created by a particle shower that is induced when an ultra high energy particle collides with the Moon. The large collecting area that the Moon offers can especially be used at frequencies between 100-200 MHz, where the radiation is spread out over a wider angle and thus more of the lunar surface can be used for a possible detection. The NuMoon project therefore observes the Moon at these frequencies to search for nanosecond pulses. A first project with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope has placed the most stringent upper limits on the flux of ultra high energy cosmic rays and neutrinos. The next step is to observe with LOFAR, currently one of the most sensitive low frequency telescopes. In this contribution I will present the status and plans of the project.

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Optimized trigger for ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray and neutrino observations with the low frequency radio array

Cited by 15 publications

References 39 publications

The lunar Askaryan technique: a technical roadmap

The lunar Askaryan technique: a technical roadmap

Development of the radio astronomical method of cosmic particle detection for extremely high-energy cosmic ray physics and neutrino astronomy

NuMoon: Status of ultra high energy particle searches with LOFAR

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