Optimized synthesis of layered double hydroxide lactate nanosheets and their biological effects on Arabidopsis seedlings

Abstract

Background Layered double hydroxide lactate nanosheets (LDH-lactate-NS) are powerful carriers for delivering macro-molecules into intact plant cells. In the past few years, some studies have been carried out on DNA/RNA transformation and plant disease resistance, but little attention has been paid to these factors during LDH-lactate-NS synthesis and delamination, nor has their relationship to the DNA adsorption capacity or transformation efficiency of plant cells been considered. Results Since the temperature during delamination alters particle sizes and zeta potentials of LDH-lactate-NS products, we compared the LDH-lactate-NS stability, DNA adsorption rate and delivery efficiency of fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC) of them, found that the LDH-lactate-NS obtained at 25 °C has the best characters for delivering biomolecules into plant cell. To understand the potential side effects and cytotoxicity of LDH-lactate-NS to plants, we compared the root growth rate between the Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings grown in the culture medium with 1–300 μg/mL LDH-lactate-NS and equivalent raw material, Mg(lactate)2 and Al (lactate)3. Phenotypic analysis showed LDH in a range of 1–300 μg/mL can enhance the root elongation, whereas the same concentration of raw materials dramatically inhibited root elongation, suggesting the nanocrystallization has a dramatical de-toxic effect to Mg(lactate)2 and Al (lactate)3. Since enhancing of root elongation by LDH is an unexpected phenomenon, we further designed experiments to investigate influence of LDH to Arabidopsis seedlings. We further used the gravitropic bending test, qRT-PCR analysis of auxin transport proteins, non-invasive micro-test technology and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to investigate the auxin transport and distribution in Arabidopsis root. Results indicated that LDH-lactate-NS affect root growth by increasing the polar auxin transport. Conclusions Optimal synthesized LDH-lactate-NS can delivery biomolecules into intact plant cells with high efficiency and low cytotoxity. The working solution of LDH-lactate-NS can promote root elongation via increase the polar auxin transport in Arabidopsis roots.

A Vector-Free Gene Interference System Using Delaminated Mg–Al-lactate Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets as Molecular Carriers to Intact Plant Cells

“…Mg-Al-LDH-NSs are cationic nanoparticles that deliver negatively charged dsRNA into the cell via electrostatic interactions, subsequently resulting in gene silencing. We also previously showed that the temperature of the titration reaction during LDH-NS co-precipitation determined the capacity of the LDH-NS to adsorb DNA, as well as its zeta potential and particle size (Wu et al, 2022).…”

“…New biomolecular delivery technologies for plants are therefore urgently needed. In previous studies, we demonstrated that MgAl-LDH-NSs could be used to delivered single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and genomic DNA into intact plant cells (Bao et al, 2016(Bao et al, , 2017Wu et al, 2022). Mg-Al-LDH-NSs are cationic nanoparticles that deliver negatively charged dsRNA into the cell via electrostatic interactions, subsequently resulting in gene silencing.…”

“…Mg 2+ -Al 3+ -based LDH-NSs prepared via aqueous methods can deliver different sorts of RNAs into plant cells (Song et al, 2019, Yong et al, 2021, Zhang et al, 2021. Moreover, the aqueous methods-prepared Mg 2+ -Al 3+ -based LDH-NSs has also very low cytotoxity to plants (Wu et al, 2022). All these studies indicate that the LDH-NS is nearly an optimal nanocarrier for widely application in plant and agricultural sciences.…”

“…The size of the LDH-NSs can be modi ed in the range of 50-300 nm (Ram et al, 2006). LDH-NS dimensions and size can affect transport e ciently (Bao et al, 2017;Wu et al, 2022). For example, Mg 2+ -Al 3+ -based LDH-NSs prepared via non-aqueous precipitation methods was used to deliver dsRNA into intact tobacco leaf cells, successfully providing sustained protection against plant viruses (Mitter et al, 2017).…”

Application of Data Modeling, Instrument Engineering and Nanomaterials in Selected Medid the Scientific Recinal Plant Tissue Culture

“…In recent years, various types of nanomaterials have been used as new elicitors and have shown exciting effects in plant tissue culture [ 9 ]. Layered double hydroxide (LDH) [ 15 ] and chitosan [ 16 ] can be used as a transport carrier for various substances such as the transport of plant growth regulators, nutrients, etc., to promote the growth of plant tissue biomass and the contents of secondary metabolites. Engineered mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) can be easily modified by specific functional groups, transported through the cell wall and cell membrane, and then enter the plant cells for the targeted binding of bioactive substances such as flavonoids [ 17 ].…”