Optimized PVF2 targets for infrared vidicon camera tubes

Jacobs, John E.; Remily, Scott A.

doi:10.1016/0020-0891(79)90086-1

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…⌬A`ϭ 278.207 Ϫ 2755.75⌬g 11 , of an initial value of ⌬A`ϭ 27.8207 mT. Another two experimental points lie on another parallel line of an initial value of ⌬A`ϭ 30.0 mT.…”

Section: Magnetic Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…where A is 0.45; B is 1.39; Y p , Y bp are the concentrations of polarons and bipolarons, respec- C imp ) 1/3 is the typical separation between impurities whose concentration is C imp ⅐ ϭ ( 11 Ќ 2 ) 1/3 is the average decay length of a polaron and bipolaron wave function, and 11 and Ќ are the decay lengths parallel and perpendicular to the polymer chain, respectively. According to the calculation of Bredas and colleagues, 28 the extension of the defect should be the same for polarons and bipolarons.…”

Section: Electric Conductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of valence electron spin polarization on the physical properties of CuCl2-filled poly(vinylidene fluoride) as a microwave modulator

Tawansi

Ayad

Abdelrazek

1999

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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Infrared and optical spectra, differential thermal analysis, dc electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, electron spin resonance, and microwave response of CuCl 2 -filled poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films, over the filler mass fraction range 0.05 Յ W Յ 0.4, were measured. The infrared spectra evidenced the presence of ␤-phase, for all of the filler levels with main deformations of 20% (for W ϭ 0.25) and 30% (for other filler levels) head-to-head and tail-to-tail units, which were considered as polaron and bipolaron defects. Optical activity was mainly influenced by PVDF structure. Differential thermal analysis revealed dipole relaxation and premelting endothermic peaks. A quasi-one-dimensional interpolaron hopping was thought to proceed in the direct current electric conduction, with a hopping distance less than the distance between two successive head-to-head sites. A temperature-independent Pauli paramagnetic behavior was observed, confirming the presence of induced energy bands due to CuCl 2 filling. Most of the observed electron spin resonance signals were antisymmetric, with superimposed repels due to the hyperfine interactions characterizing PVDF. The obtained linear dependence of the isotropic hyperfine coupling constant (⌬A`), for Cu(II), on average g-factor, implied that ⌬A`is a measure of the valence electron spin polarization. An octahedral or distorted octahedral configuration was suggested for Cu(II). The present system is a good microwave modulator.

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“…⌬A`ϭ 278.207 Ϫ 2755.75⌬g 11 , of an initial value of ⌬A`ϭ 27.8207 mT. Another two experimental points lie on another parallel line of an initial value of ⌬A`ϭ 30.0 mT.…”

Section: Magnetic Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Electric Conductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of valence electron spin polarization on the physical properties of CuCl2-filled poly(vinylidene fluoride) as a microwave modulator

Tawansi

Ayad

Abdelrazek

1999

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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“…49 Comparison of the characteristics of pyrovidicons based on triglycine sulfate crystals and PVDF films have shown that the sensitivity of the former is only 30% higher, while PVDF has a significant advantage as regards resolving power. 50 The Siemens company has reported that PVDF is likely to be useful as a material for passive IR detectors. 51 The latter may be used to record the presence of a heat source, the directions and distances between the detector and the heat source, and also the rate of movement of the latter.…”

Section: Thermal Radiation Sensors Based On Piezofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The properties and applications of fluorine-containing polymer films with piezo- and pyro-activity

Kochervinskiĭ¹

1994

Russ. Chem. Rev.

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Polymer films based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) and its copolymers, which exhibit piezo-and pyro-electric properties after appropriate treatment, are described. The principal advantages of materials of this class include high values of the piezomoduli, which permit their practical use. Another valuable property, which is difficult to achieve in inorganic materials, is the wide range of frequencies over which the given active element can operate. The possibility of achieving large areas and fairly simple methods of preparation of thin films also leads to the assignment of the above polymers to the category of promising materials for the creation of new classes of recording devices. The trends in the development of new instruments based on these materials, where use is made of the phenomenon of photopyroelectric activity, are demonstrated. The advantages of using these materials for medical techniques are noted. The flexibility of the film and its acoustic impedance, which is close to that of a biological tissue, as well as the properties noted above place it beyond competition with other materials. Furthermore, the ferroelectric nature of the above polymers makes them promising for use in nonlinear optics. The bibliography includes 89 references.

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Infrarotspektroskopische Untersuchungen an gepolten Polyvinylidenfluorid‐Folien

Danz

1982

Acta Polymerica

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Die feldinduzierte Konformationsumwandlung und Dipol-Orientierung i n Polyvinylidenfluorid werden infrarotspektroskopisch quantitativ untersucht. Die Polung an beidseitig metallisierten, biaxial gereckten Polyvinylidenfluorid-Folien bei 115 O C mit 4,O MV/cm fuhrt zu einer nahezu vollstandigen Konformationsumwandlung von der T-G-T-G'-in die trans-Konformation und zu einer remanenten Polarisation von mindestens 11 pC/cm2. Wahrend die thermisch stimulierte Dipol-Desorientierung oberhalb 60 "C einsetzt, ist die feldinduzierte @-Modifikation bis 175 "C stabil. I.IIE-cne%mpockonuveckue uccfieaoeanus nompuaoeannatx nfienoEnonueunuuaen@imopuaa noneM npeBpaqemJx K O H I $ O~M~~H H n opaeaiaqtiu Anonen B noausnHHnHneHI$TopHne (IIBAcD) . I I o n~~p~a a q~~x n p~ npOBeAeH0 KOJIII9eCTBHHOe ElCCJIenOBaHHe C IIOMOqbH) HK-CIIeKTpOCKOIIHH EIH~YqElPOBaHHOrO aJfeKTpUqeCKIIM 115OC II 4 MB/CM gBYXCTOPOHHe MeTaJIJIH3OBaHHbIX IIneHOK nBg@ IIpHBOgHT K n04TB nOJlHOMy IIpeBpa~eHUKO E 1 3T-G-T-G'-B TpaJIC-KOHI$OpMaqHKl H K OCTaTOgHOfi n o n~p n 3 a q~n He MeHee 11 MHK/CMz. TepmnrecKn ElHHqHapyeMarr ~e a o p n e~~a q~r r nmonea HawHaeTcH cmme 6OoC, a HHnyqHpoBaHHaR aneKTpnsecxum noneM b-MonuI$maqaR CTa6HJlbHa A0 175°C. Infrared analysis of poled poly(viny1idene fluoride) filmsThe field-induced change of conformation and dipole orientation in poly(viny1idene fluoride) are investigated quantitatively by I R spectroscopy. The polarity of biaxially stretched poly(viny1idene fluoride) films which have been metallized on bothsides results at 115OC and 4.0 MV/cm in almost complete conformational change from the T-G-T-G' to the trans-conformation as well as in a remanent polarizat,ion of a t least 11 pC/cmz. While thermally stimulated dipole desorientation is initiated above 60 OC the field-induced P-modification proved to be stable up to 175OC. EinfiihrungDie vorteilhafte Anwendbarkeit des Polyvinylidenfluorids (PVDF) als piezo-und pyroelektrisches Wandlermaterial, z. B. in elektroakustischen Vorrichtnngen [l, 21, pyroelektrischen Detektoren [3, 43 oder in mechanoelektrischen Signalgebern 15, 61 spielt eine wesentliche Rolle fur das zunehmende Interesse, das man diesem speziellen Fluorpolymer entgegenbringt. AuDerdem treten am PVDF ferroelektrische Merkmale anf, wie sie bisher in dieser ausgepragten Form an anderen Polymeren nicht nachgewiesen werden konnten [7, 81. PVDF ist somit nicht nur eine interessante Modellsubstanz fur die Polymerphysik, sondern hat aufgrund seiner vielfaltigen Nutzungsmoglichkeiten eine nicht geringe wissenschaftlich-technische Bedeutung erlangt.Die Polarisation des PVDF und die damit verbundene l'iezo-und Pyroelektrizitat ist letztendlich auf die Dipolmomente der CF,-Gruppen in seiner Monomereinheit znruckzufuhren. Die GroDe dieser Polarisation wird von der Konformation der Molekulgruppen und der entsprechenden kristallinen Modifikation bestimmt. I m PVDF existieren im wesentlichen zwei unterschiedliche Konformationen: erstens eine trans-Konformation, die eine ebene Zick-Zack-Kette bildet, und zweitens cine T-G-T-G'-Kon...

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Optimized PVF2 targets for infrared vidicon camera tubes

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of valence electron spin polarization on the physical properties of CuCl2-filled poly(vinylidene fluoride) as a microwave modulator

Effect of valence electron spin polarization on the physical properties of CuCl2-filled poly(vinylidene fluoride) as a microwave modulator

The properties and applications of fluorine-containing polymer films with piezo- and pyro-activity

Infrarotspektroskopische Untersuchungen an gepolten Polyvinylidenfluorid‐Folien

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