20CrMnMo is one of the most widely used alloy steels, and its mechanical properties are closely related to the metallographic structure of the material. Clearly obtaining the distribution pattern of metallographic structure is of great significance for studying the mechanical properties of 20CrMnMo. In this paper, 20CrMnMo samples were subjected to corrosion treatment at different times, and the microstructure of the samples was observed by optical microscope (OM) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). Through optical microscope observation, the metallographic structure images under different magnification and corrosion time were compared and analyzed, and the best corrosion time interval for metallographic structure observation was obtained; On this basis, by using Scanning electron microscope and EDS, the microscopic images at higher magnification were obtained, and the mechanism of corrosion time on the metallographic structure was further analyzed and explained.