Optimized Integration of Electric Vehicles in Low Voltage Distribution Grids

Abstract

All over the world the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, especially in the transportation sector, becomes more and more important. Electric vehicles will be one of the key factors to mitigate GHG emissions due to their higher efficiency in contrast to internal combustion engine vehicles. On the other hand, uncoordinated charging will put more strain on electrical distribution grids and possible congestions in the grid become more likely. In this paper, we analyze the impact of uncoordinated charging, as well as optimization-based coordination strategies on the voltage stability and phase unbalances of a representative European semi-urban low voltage grid. Therefore, we model the low voltage grid as a three-phase system and take realistic arrival and departure times of the electric vehicle fleet into account. Subsequently, we compare different coordinated charging strategies with regard to their optimization objectives, e.g., cost reduction or GHG emissions reduction. Results show that possible congestion problems can be solved by coordinated charging. Additionally, depending on the objective, the costs can be reduced by more than 50% and the GHG emissions by around 40%.

Modeling the Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging Systems on Electric Power Quality

“…An example of simulation tests, whose purpose was to determine whether electric vehicle chargers will deteriorate the quality parameters of electric energy, is the tests described in [17,19,20]. Although assumptions and approaches to the research itself were quite similar, different results were obtained.…”

“…A very interesting approach to verify the potential impact of electromobility on the quality of electricity was adopted in [20]. Similar to earlier simulations, a low-voltage network powered from one transformer station was used for testing.…”

Fleet Transition from Combustion to Electric Vehicles: A Case Study in a Portuguese Business Campus

“…Additionally, regarding V2G technologies, a recent survey can be found in [37]. More recently, [38] modeled a three-phase low voltage grid considering realistic electric vehicle fleet routines into account. Different coordinated charging strategies were compared depending from their optimization objectives, cost or greenhouse gas emissions reduction.…”

Limitations of Urban Infrastructure for the Large-Scale Implementation of Electric Mobility. A Case Study

“…Thus, for demand, the vehicle pool should be characterized together with vehicles' current patterns of use. For example, the electric network scope, topology, capacity, and resilience must be assessed through parameters such as the medium voltage to low voltage (MV/LV) transformers load, voltage drops, phase balancing, or thermal limitations [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. By comparing the two factors, the authors of [26] compared the impacts of different scenarios of EV penetration in five European countries.…”