Optimized Extraction, Preliminary Characterization, and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Glycyrrhiza Uralensis Fisch

Abstract

BackgroundThis study performed optimized extraction, preliminary characterization, and in vitro antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.Material/MethodsThree parameters (extraction temperature, ratio of water to raw material, and extraction time) were optimized for yields of G. uralensis polysaccharides (GUP) using response surface methodology with Box-Behnken design (BBD). The GUP was purified using DEAE cellulose 32-column chromatography. The main fraction obtained from G. uralensis Fisch was GUP-II, which was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, and glucose monosaccharide, was screened for antioxidant properties using DP Hand hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. In addition, immunological activity of GUP-II was determined by nitric oxide and lymphocyte proliferation assays.ResultsOptimization revealed maximum GUP yields with an extraction temperature of 99°C, water: raw material ratio of 15: 1, and extraction duration of 2 h. GUP-II purified from G. uralensis Fisch had good in vitro DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities. Immunologically, GUP-II significantly stimulated NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, and significantly enhanced LPS-induced lymphocyte proliferation.ConclusionsExtraction of GUP from G. uralensis Fisch can be optimized with respect to temperature, extraction period, and ratio of water to material, using response surface methodology. The purified product (GUP-II) possesses excellent antioxidant and immunological activities.

Preparation, Characterization, and Immuno-Enhancing Activity of Polysaccharides from Glycyrrhiza uralensis

“…It has been reported that polysaccharides of G. uralensis have antioxidant activities [30,31,46]. Similarly, we also found that all three GUPS fractions have antioxidant activities.…”

“…GUPS-I might be a neutral polysaccharide because it coeluted with distilled water, whereas both GUPS-II and GUPS-III, which eluted with NaCl solution, might be acidic polysaccharides [29]. The results are similar to previous studies which reported that three major fractions can be obtained from crude polysaccharides of G. uralensis [30,31], but different from another study which reported that five fractions can be observed [46].…”

Herbal medicine for hand–foot syndrome induced by fluoropyrimidines: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…DNA authentication, combined with chemometric analyses of major flavanones and chalcones, enabled the characterization of mixtures, hybrids, and species outliers (Simmler et al, ; Song et al, ). In pharmacological and clinical studies, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma had several pharmacological properties including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, and immunomodulatory properties (Chen, Li, & Gu, ; Hosseinzadeh & Nassiri‐Asl, ; Yang, Yuan, Ma, Zhou, & Liu, ). Glycyrrhetinic acid markedly upregulated the activities of the antioxidant enzymes and increased the content of skin collagen, whereas it obviously downregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines in vitro (Kong et al, ).…”

The potential of glycyrrhizin and licorice extract in combating COVID-19 and associated conditions

“…The most important action for licorice polysaccharides is the ability of the polysaccharides to enhance the anticancer cytokine IL-7, which is essential for the maturation and proliferation of immune cells and it is shown with good prognosis of cancer ( Ayeka et al 2016 ). Moreover, three purified licorice polysaccharides with lower molecular weight exhibited at the same concentration higher antioxidant activities ( Zhang et al, 2015 ; Chen et al, 2017 ).This antioxidant activity was highly enhanced by the selenylation modification of licorice polysaccharide ( Lian et al, 2018 ).…”