Optimized Extraction of Total Triterpenoids from Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) and Comprehensive Analysis of Triterpenic Acids in Different Cultivars

Jujube has received more and more attention due to their nutritional value and pharmacological effects. This study evaluated the quality of different varieties of jujube by comparing the main active components and antioxidant activities of thirty-seven varieties of jujube through titration, UV spectrophotometry and High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results revealed that there were differences in active components and antioxidant capacity among jujube cultivars. Among the thirty-seven varieties of jujube, Qingxuyuanzao (QXYZ) had the highest contents of total phenols and flavonoids, which were 16.33 mg GAE/g DW and 41.18 mg RE/g DW, respectively, and had the highest free radical scavenging (DPPH: 29.79 mg Vc/g DW; ABTS: 50.90 mg Trolox/g DW) and reducing abilities (62.13 mg Trolox/g DW). Correlation analysis indicated that the content of total flavonoids, total phenols and phenolic acid ((+)catechin, caffeic acid, rutin) in jujube had high positive correlation with antioxidant capacity. According to principal component analysis (PCA), the comprehensive scores of different varieties of jujube were calculated. The top five jujube varieties with comprehensive scores are 'QXYZ,' Suyuanling (SYL), Xiangzao (XZ), Dunhuangdazao (DHDZ) and Meimizao (MMZ). In this paper, the main active components and antioxidant capacity of thirty-seven jujube varieties have been studied, which provides a theoretical basis for jujube breeding and the development of active nutrients for jujube.

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“…The result was expressed as mg oleanolic acid equivalent/g DW (mg OAE/g DW) . [26] Qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic substances…”

Section: Determination Of Triterpenic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active components and antioxidant activity of thirty-seven varieties of Chinese jujube fruits (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)

Zhang

Sun

Vidyarthi

et al. 2021

International Journal of Food Properties

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“…Triterpenoids are one of the major functional constituents of Z. jujuba. Similar to most other nutrients of jujube, the content of triterpenoids is affected by the cultivar and processing methods (Guo et al, 2015a(Guo et al, , 2015bSong et al, 2020). The total triterpene contents of 15 types of jujube fruit were analyzed by Kou et al (2015).…”

Section: Triterpenic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study showed that the total triterpenoid acid contents of 99 jujube samples ranged from 1.08 to 7.92 μg/g DW, with an average value of 3.73 μg/g DW. Moreover, a total of 16 triterpenoid acid peaks were detected by UPLC, among which betulinic acid, alphitolic acid, maslinic acid, oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid were the major triterpenoid acids (Song et al, 2020). Phytochemical studies have shown that most triterpenoids derived from cereals and vegetables have a variety of functions, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and anti-tumor properties (Xu et al, 2018;Yang et al, 2018;Ghante and Jamkhande, 2019).…”

Section: Triterpenic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research advances in bioactive components and health benefits of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit

Yang

Bao

et al. 2021

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), a highly nutritious and functional fruit, is reported to have various health benefits and has been extensively planted worldwide, especially in China. Many studies have shown that bioactive components derived from jujube fruit have significant nutritional and potential biological effects. In this paper, the latest progress in research on major bioactive compounds obtained from jujube is reviewed, and the potential biological functions of jujube fruit resources are discussed. As a dietary supplement, jujube fruit is well recognized as a healthy food which contains a variety of bioactive substances, such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, amino acids, nucleotides, fatty acids, dietary fiber, alkaloids, and other nutrients. These nutrients and non-nutritive phytochemicals obtained from jujube fruit have physiological functions including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-hyperglycemic, immunoregulatory, neuroprotective, sedative, and antiviral functions. Of note is that new constituents, including alkaloids, dietary fiber, and other bioactive substances, as well as the antiviral, hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, and neuroprotective effects of jujube fruit, are systematically reviewed here for the first time. Meanwhile, problems affecting the exploitation of jujube fruit resources are discussed and further research directions proposed. Therefore, this review provides a useful bibliography for the future development of jujube-based products and the utilization of jujube nutritional components in functional foods.

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“…Jujube protects neuronal cells against neurotoxin stress, promoting memory and learning, stimulating neuronal differentiation, and increasing the expression of neurotrophic factors [180]. Flavonoids extracted from jujube seed by using the UAE method improves its medicinal quality [181,182]. Moreover, jujube seed flavonoid extracted by UAE method displayed a higher capacity of scavenging ABTS, DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals and reducing the level of ROS accumulation in PC12 cells.…”

Section: Flavonoid Extraction: a Key To Improved Flavonoid Propertymentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoids: Potential Candidates for the Treatment of Neuro-Degenerative Disorders

Devi¹,

Kumar²,

Singh³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Amyloidal lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington disease (HD) are the most concerned disorders due to the lack of effective therapeutics and dramatic rise in affected cases. Although these disorders have diverse clinical manifestations, yet they all share a common cellular stress response. These cellular stress responses including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, proteotoxicity, and ER-stress, which combats with stress conditions, but the overwhelming cellular stress response induces cell damage. Small molecules such as flavonoids could reduce cellular stress and have gained much attention in recent years. Evidence has shown the potential use of flavonoids in several ways such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic, yet their mechanism is still elusive. This review provides an insight into the mechanistic ways of flavonoids against cellular stress response that prevent the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.

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Optimized Extraction of Total Triterpenoids from Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) and Comprehensive Analysis of Triterpenic Acids in Different Cultivars

Cited by 24 publications

References 30 publications

Active components and antioxidant activity of thirty-seven varieties of Chinese jujube fruits (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)

Active components and antioxidant activity of thirty-seven varieties of Chinese jujube fruits (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)

Research advances in bioactive components and health benefits of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit

Flavonoids: Potential Candidates for the Treatment of Neuro-Degenerative Disorders

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