Optimized Energy Management Strategies for Campus Hybrid PV–Diesel Systems during Utility Load Shedding Events

Maritz, Jacques

doi:10.3390/pr7070430

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…Like the one shown in Figure 20, a hybrid system consists of PV, DG, and grid nection. This configuration has been installed at the following universities: Florida In national University [149], University of the Free State [150], University of KwaZulu N [2], and Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology [151].…”

Section: Configuration C (Hybrid Pv-diesel Generator-grid Connected)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Existing and Pending University Campus Microgrids

Alhawsawi,

Salhein,

Zohdy

2024

Energies

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Over the past few decades, many universities have turned to using microgrid systems because of their dependability, security, flexibility, and less reliance on the primary grid. Microgrids on campuses face challenges in the instability of power production due to meteorological conditions, as the output of renewable sources such as solar and wind power relies entirely on the weather and determining the optimal size of microgrids. Therefore, this paper comprehensively reviews the university campuses’ microgrids. Some renewable energy sources, such as geothermal (GE), wind turbine (WT), and photovoltaic (PV), are compared in terms of installation costs, availability, weather conditions, efficiency, environmental impact, and maintenance. Furthermore, a description of microgrid systems and their components, including distributed generation (DG), energy storage system (ESS), and microgrid load, is presented. As a result, the most common optimization models for analyzing the performance of campus microgrids are discussed. Hybrid microgrid system configurations are introduced and compared to find the optimal configuration in terms of energy production and flexibility. Therefore, configuration A (Hybrid PV- grid-connected) is the most common configuration compared to the others due to its simplicity and free-charge operation.

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Section: Configuration C (Hybrid Pv-diesel Generator-grid Connected)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Existing and Pending University Campus Microgrids

Alhawsawi,

Salhein,

Zohdy

2024

Energies

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“…For isolated installations without connection to the power grid, control strategies should be used to keep these parameters within the operational limits to ensure the quality of the supplied electricity. The control strategy is implemented considering rotor speed variation and load fluctuations [39,40].…”

Section: Diesel-driven Wound-rotor Induction Generatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PMSG with Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) [38,[67][68][69][70] Wound-Rotor Synchronous Generator [38,39]…”

Section: Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable Speed Diesel Electric Generators: Technologies, Benefits, Limitations, Impact on Greenhouse Gases Emissions and Fuel Efficiency

Barbosa¹,

Issa²,

Silva³

et al. 2021

JEPT

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A substantial share of the electric energy is generated with synchronous generators that provide sustained alternating current (AC) voltage and frequency energy to regional and national power systems, which subsequently transport and distribute it to diverse users. In an attempt to reduce environmental effects, electric energy markets have recently become more open, resulting in more flexible distributed electric power systems. In such distributed systems, stability, quick and efficient delivery, and control of electric power require some degree of power electronics control to allow for lower power in the electric generators to tap the primary fuel energy potential better and increase efficiency and stability. This is how variable-speed electric generators (VSEG) recently came into play, up to the 400-megavolt ampere (MVA)/ unit size, and which have been at work since 1996. This paper provides coverage of variable-speed electric diesel generators (VSDEG) in distributed generation and their impacts on fuel efficiency and greenhouse gases (GHG). It discusses permanent-magnet-(PM) synchronous generators, solutions based on power electronics such as diesel-driven wound-rotor-induction generator, doubly-fed-induction generator (DFIG), rotating stator generator, and the application of continuously variable transmission to a VSEG. The benefits and limitations of the selected technologies are also presented. The list of references given at the end of the paper should offer aids for students and researchers working in this field.

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“…Therefore, the energy management strategy is supposed to break the dissipation, not to create it. For that reasons, some researchers have proposed approaches that can be used to reduce CF on campus, including through improvements in electrical energy management, (Yañez et al, 2020;Ravindran and Selvaram, 2016), the application of new renewable energy on campus (Chowdhury et al, 2018;Hasapis et al, 2017;Shukla et al, 2019) or the integration of EBT on campus (Maritz, 2019), water and waste use management (Yañez et al, 2020)., transportation (Wu et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2017;Yañez et al, 2020), building materials (Wu et al, 2017). Ravindran and Selvaram (2016), promoting greening for carbon absorption on campus (Ravindran and Selvaram, 2016), Pablo Yañez et al (2020) believe that student transportation activities on campus are a significant stressor in the problem of carbon emissions (Yañez et al, 2020).…”

Section: Studies Of Carbon Footprint (Cf) In Universitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The approach we adopted in this article is to control electricity consumption using a strategic load growth approach (Kostková et al, 2013) by limiting the growth of electricity loads per year. This limitation will have an impact on improving EEI (Benetti et al, 2016;Kurkute and Patil, 2019;Maritz, 2019), while the analysis of carbon emissions on campus uses the approach of the UI Green Matrik (Universitas- Indonesia, 2016) with variables of vehicle population and vehicle activity in the campus environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Management Strategy in Campus Towards a Green Campus Through Promoting Carbon Footprint and Energy Efficiency Index Improving

Busaeri

Giriantari

Ariastina

et al. 2021

IJEEP

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The energy management strategy is the key to increasing the energy efficiency index (EEI) and controlling buildings' carbon emissions. This article discusses the energy policy strategy at Siliwangi University based on four main components of green campus: the profile of the electricity load, energy consumption, the rate of the number of vehicles, and vehicle activity in the campus environment. We propose four scenarios to meet the EEI and carbon emissions standards in 2025. The analysis of carbon emission production uses the UI Green Metric approach by referring to the carbon emission strategy from the Climate Action Tracker (CAT) and the profile of the world bank. Simultaneously, the EEI analysis uses the ASEAN-USAID standard, which is also used in the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The conclusion is that even with the highest scenario to meet the target EEI level in 2025, Siliwangi University can only reach the EEI level in the "Extremely Efficient" category for the area with AC facilities and Extremely-Inefficient class for the area with AC facilities. The analysis results show that the most considerable contribution of carbon emissions is from motorbikes, 66%, cars and buses 33% and electricity use only 1.4%. Although the use of electricity does not have a significant emission impact, the EEI analysis results show a tendency towards electricity waste. Siliwangi University must immediately implement electric vehicles on campus to reduce carbon emissions from the mobility of motorbikes, cars, and buses.

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Optimized Energy Management Strategies for Campus Hybrid PV–Diesel Systems during Utility Load Shedding Events

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

A Comprehensive Review of Existing and Pending University Campus Microgrids

A Comprehensive Review of Existing and Pending University Campus Microgrids

Variable Speed Diesel Electric Generators: Technologies, Benefits, Limitations, Impact on Greenhouse Gases Emissions and Fuel Efficiency

Energy Management Strategy in Campus Towards a Green Campus Through Promoting Carbon Footprint and Energy Efficiency Index Improving

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