Optimized design of an arterial network model reproduces characteristic central and peripheral haemodynamic waveform features of young adults

Abstract

support-information-section).

Reflections on reflected waves in ‘YoungAdult’

“…Therefore, all bifurcations and junctions in the large arteries were carefully matched through to a mismatched interface between terminal arteries and their downstream vascular beds. This assumption may have contributed to the model limitations, such as lack of the typical pressure amplification in the limbs that has been demonstrated previously by many investigators and confirmed by Kondiboyina et al., 2022 in their small validation sample (Kondiboyina et al., 2022). For example, their Table 2 shows that model systolic and pulse pressures fall between brachial and radial and between femoral and posterior tibial arteries whereas corresponding values increase in the validation sample.…”

“…To bridge this gap, modelling studies are often employed to manipulate individual elements of load and assess the effects on observed pressure and flow. In the current issue of The Journal of Physiology , Kondiboyina et al., 2022 have introduced a sophisticated new ‘YoungAdult’ model of the arterial system that adds to the toolbox available to investigators working in the field (Kondiboyina et al., 2022). The goals of the study were to derive a model that reproduces the characteristics of a youthful central arterial pressure waveform: an early peak with negative pressure augmentation (type C waveform) and a diastolic pressure hump.…”

“…This potential adverse effect of wave reflection needs to be balanced against demonstrated adverse effects of aortic stiffening, impedance‐matching and reduced global wave reflection on microvascular structure and function. Kondiboyina et al., 2022 are correct to cite the ‘beautiful tuning’ of an arterial system that juxtaposes a low‐impedance transmission line with high‐impedance branch vessels; however, additional reflection on the roles of wave reflection may be necessary to fully realize the potential of the model.…”

“…Innovations incorporated by Kondiboyina et al, 2022 into the 'YoungAdult' model are commendable and will advance the field. However, assumptions enforced when initializing the model require thought and Perspective J Physiol 600.20 must reflect key empirical observations, such as pressure amplification.…”

The Impact of Left Ventricular Performance and Afterload on the Evaluation of Aortic Valve Stenosis: A 1D Mathematical Modeling Approach

“…A 1D modeling of the cardiovascular system provides wave propagation analyses with a low computational cost [ 10 ]. Up to the present, 1D analyses have been extensively used to simulate the hemodynamical characteristics of the cardiovascular system, and the simulated pressure and flow waveforms are successfully validated with the in vivo measurements [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. It has been shown that these models can be used not only to study complex hemodynamic mechanisms but also to develop integrative diagnostic tools and methods by offering a very flexible platform of in silico experimentation [ 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”