Optimized completion design for triggering a fracture network to enhance horizontal shale well production

Zeng, Fanhui; Zhang, Yu; Guo, Jianchun; Zhang, Qiang; Chen, Zhangxin; Xiang, Jianhua; Zheng, Yunchuan

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2020.107043

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The main damage caused by hydration is the result of clay mineral swelling, dissolution, and the shedding of clastic particles. − Variations in the pore structure resulting from hydration mainly result from the dissolution of minerals and result in the dislodging of mineral particles and the concomitant enlargement of pores. , However, higher clay mineral contents may lead to pore blockage due to clast swelling and the concomitant pore shrinkage. , In addition, hydration reduces the strength of shale, which may exacerbate wellbore collapse or aid hydraulic fracturing. − Hydration may even generate micro-fractures and form complex fracture networks connecting micro- or nano-pores. − With the progress of hydration, micro-fractures will extend and connect, ultimately developing transmissive fracture systems. , Thus, hydration promotes changes in the pore structure and the physical characteristics of shales, manifest as changes in the porosity and permeability, with clay mineral type, hydration time, pH, and ionic composition of the water (i.e., different fracturing fluids) all impacting the response. − However, the detailed imbibition process and hydration damage on transitional shale has not been fully revealed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydration of Transitional Shale and Evolution of Physical Properties Constrained by Concurrent NMR and Acoustic Observations

Chen³

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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Hydration state is a key factor affecting the pore structure and mechanical properties of shale that directly impacts the migration and then production of geofluids. We quantify the impact of the hydration state on physical properties through spontaneous imbibition experiments constrained by concurrent nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and acoustic observations as diagnostics of response. The long-duration experiments (24 days) are on samples from the Permian Shanxi Formation of the Ordos Basin, complemented by measurements of composition and physical properties. These shales primarily comprise quartz and clay minerals with intraparticle pores present within the clay minerals. The NMR T 2 spectra indicate that mesopores (2–50 nm) comprise ∼80% of the total pore space. The imbibition rate decreases by a factor of 3 from 0.08 g/h to a stable rate of 0.03 g/h from the 1st to the 24th hour. This is accompanied by a 10% decrease in the deformation modulus from 44 to 40.3 GPa over 24 days. The reduction in the modulus is consistent with observations of the shedding and spalling of hydrophilic quartz particles from the unconstrained surface and the generation of fractures. Reduction in the imbibition rate is consistent with the swelling followed by squeezing of clay minerals and the corresponding reduction in pore diameters in the confined core of the sample, together with the reduction in saturation gradients with the progress of imbibition. Understanding the mechanisms and effects of hydration on the pore structure and mechanical properties is important in understanding the shale hydration process and defining diagnostic (acoustic and NMR) signatures that may be used in reservoir surveillance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydration of Transitional Shale and Evolution of Physical Properties Constrained by Concurrent NMR and Acoustic Observations

Chen³

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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“…Based on the stress reversal extent, cluster spacings, stage spacings, fracture numbers, and well spacings are optimized [41][42][43][44][45]. Besides, optimizations of fracturing treatment parameters are conducted to achieve balanced growth of multi-cluster fractures or maximum stimulated reservoir area [46][47][48][49]. The second category of optimization is based on production simulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Non-Uniform Perforation Parameters for Multi-Cluster Fracturing

2022

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Stress shadowing affects the simultaneous propagation of fractures from multiple perforation clusters. Employing uniform perforation parameters for all clusters cause the unbalanced growth of fractures, which arouses the demand of optimizing non-uniform perforation parameters. An optimization workflow combining a fracture propagation model and the particle swarm optimization method (PSO) is proposed for multi-cluster fracturing in this study. The fracture model considers the coupling of rock deformation and fluid flow along the wellbore and fractures, and it is solved by using the Newton iteration method. The optimization is performed by taking the variance of multiple fracture lengths as fitness value function in the frame of the PSO method. Numerical results show that using the same spacings and perforation parameters for all clusters is detrimental to the balanced growth of multiple fractures. The variance of fracture lengths drops greatly through optimization of cluster spacings and perforation number/diameter. Properly increasing the spacing and perforation number/diameter for the middle clusters promotes the balanced growth of multiple fractures. This study provides an efficient optimization workflow for multi-cluster fracturing treatment in horizontal wells.

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Optimized completion design for triggering a fracture network to enhance horizontal shale well production

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Hydration of Transitional Shale and Evolution of Physical Properties Constrained by Concurrent NMR and Acoustic Observations

Hydration of Transitional Shale and Evolution of Physical Properties Constrained by Concurrent NMR and Acoustic Observations

Optimization of Non-Uniform Perforation Parameters for Multi-Cluster Fracturing

A review of the application of data-driven technology in shale gas production evaluation

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